Amperometric determination of cholesterol in serum using a biosensor of cholesterol oxidase contained within a polypyrrole–hydrogel membrane

Brahim, Sean; Narinesingh, Dyer; Guiseppi‐Elie, Anthony

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01321-6

Cited by 171 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Different design strategies have been utilised for the development of electrochemical cholesterol biosensors including oxidation by mediated ChOx [5][6][7][8][9][10] or hydrogen peroxide monitoring by horse radish peroxidase 11,12 or by inorganic catalysts 13 and nanostructures [14][15][16] . Despite of the variety of reported cholesterol electrochemical biosensors 4 , only few of them have been shown to operate in whole blood [17][18][19] . An amperometric biosensor based on ChOx entrapped inside a composite polypyrrole-hydrogel membrane showed excellent correlation with results obtained by the standard method 17 for total cholesterol determination in cholesterol esterase (ChEt) pretreated serum samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite of the variety of reported cholesterol electrochemical biosensors 4 , only few of them have been shown to operate in whole blood [17][18][19] . An amperometric biosensor based on ChOx entrapped inside a composite polypyrrole-hydrogel membrane showed excellent correlation with results obtained by the standard method 17 for total cholesterol determination in cholesterol esterase (ChEt) pretreated serum samples. Kumar et al have developed an electrochemical biosensor, based on covalent coimmobilisation of ChOx and ChEt onto an electrode modified with a biocompatible self-assembled monolayer for total cholesterol quantification in undiluted serum samples 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholesterol Self-Powered Biosensor

et al. 2014

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Monitoring the cholesterol level is of great importance, especially for people with high risk of developing heart disease. Here we report on reagentless cholesterol detection in human plasma with a novel single-enzyme, membrane-free, self-powered biosensor, in which both cathodic and anodic bioelectrocatalytic reactions are powered by the same substrate. Cholesterol oxidase was immobilised in a sol-gel matrix on both the cathode and the anode. Hydrogen peroxide, a product of the enzymatic conversion of cholesterol, was electrocatalytically reduced, by the use of Prussian blue, at the cathode. In parallel, cholesterol oxidation catalysed by mediated cholesterol oxidase occurred at the anode. The analytical performance was assessed for both electrode systems separately. The combination of the two electrodes, formed on high surface-area carbon cloth electrodes, resulted in a self-powered biosensor with enhanced sensitivity (26.0 mA M -1 cm -2 ), compared to either of the two individual electrodes, and a dynamic range up to 4.1 mM cholesterol.Reagentless cholesterol detection with both electrochemical systems and with the self-powered biosensor was performed and the results were compared with the standard method of colorimetric cholesterol quantification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Self-Powered Biosensor

et al. 2014

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“…The response time of the biosensor was also found to be 30 s. 41 Based on the inherent specificity of an enzymatic reaction, this biosensor provided the most accurate means of obtaining blood cholesterol concentration. 42 Amperometric cholesterol biosensors were based on immobilization of cholesterol oxidase on the electrode surface.…”

Section: ·16 Cholesterol Biosensormentioning

confidence: 87%

“…68 Electro-polymerization of pyrrole and its use for immobilization of enzymes by entrapment during polymer growth were proven to be very simple and efficient techniques for the construction of biosensors. 41,48,102 Size-exclusion properties of polypyrrole (PPy) films were highly selective against common interferences presented in biological media such as ascorbate and urate, electro-active endogenous anionic species.…”

Section: ·15 Composite Transducers For Polypyrrolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such polymer composite provided high biocompatibility and enhanced the rate of the electron transfer. 4,41,48 The development and optimization of glucose, cholesterol, and galactose biosensors were also studied. 48 The enzymes/hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate pyrrole mixtures were applied on the surface of platinum electrodes and immediately irradiated with UV light.…”

Section: ·15 Composite Transducers For Polypyrrolementioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments, Characteristics, and Potential Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors

2004

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The objective of this study is to analyze the technical importance, performance, techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of the biosensors in general and of the electrochemical biosensors in particular. A product of reaction diffuses to the transducer in the first generation biosensors (based on Clark biosensors). The mediated biosensors or second generation biosensors use specific mediators between the reaction and the transducer to improve sensitivity. The second generation biosensors involve two steps: first, there is a redox reaction between enzyme and substrate that is reoxidized by the mediator, and eventually the mediator is oxidized by the electrode. No normal product or mediator diffusion is directly involved in the third generation biosensors, direct biosensors. Based on the type of transducer, current biosensors are divided into optical, mass, thermal, and electrochemical sensors. They are used in medical diagnostics, food quality controls, environmental monitoring, and other applications. These biosensors are also grouped under two broad categories of sensors: direct and indirect detection systems. Moreover, these systems could be further grouped into continuous or batch operation. Therefore, amperometric biosensors and their current applications are focused on more in detail since they are the most commonly used biosensors in monitoring and diagnosing tests in clinical analysis. Problems related to the commercialization of medical, environmental, and industrial biosensors as well as their performance characteristics, their competitiveness in comparison to the conventional analytical tools, and their costs determine the future development of these biosensors.

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