Amperometric sensors for peroxide, choline, and acetylcholine based on electron transfer between horseradish peroxidase and a redox polymer

Garguilo, Michael G.; Huynh, Nhan; Proctor, Andrew; Michael, Adrian C.

doi:10.1021/ac00053a007

Cited by 204 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, though membranes and composites incorporating permselective conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPY) have other desirable properties (such as high conductivity and being redox active), it should be noted that coating the biosensor transducer with these polymeric films can lead to longer response times and lower signals due to the added diffusion barrier for both the substrate for the enzyme and the redox active species produced in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Co-immobilization of peroxidase with a redox polymer [50], immobilization of ascorbate oxidase [9], and self-referencing [51] have also been utilized as strategies to minimize interference from other electroactive species. On the other hand, performing electrochemical peroxidation, a process that utilizes sacrificial electrodes and stoichiometrically balanced applications of hydrogen peroxide to efficiently destroy interfering species in the aqueous phase, poses a risk of also oxidizing the analyte of interest.…”

Section: Glutamate Oxidase-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Glutamate Biosensors

Okon¹,

Ronkainen²

2017

Electrochemical Sensors Technology

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Glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, plays a vital role in many physiological processes and is one of the key neurotransmitters of interest in psychopharmacology. It is involved in many normal and abnormal behaviors related to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The glutamate system has been proposed to play a significant role in various neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, schizophrenia, depression, drug addiction, and more. The design, construction, and optimization of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for in vivo and in vitro detection of glutamate are active areas of interdisciplinary research. For example, various glutamate biosensors have been developed for monitoring dynamic levels of extracellular glutamate in the living brain tissue adding to the current medical knowledge of these complex neurotransmitter systems and ultimately impacting treatment plans. In addition to biological sciences and clinical medicine, glutamate biosensors have been used in environmental monitoring, in the fermentation industry, and in the food industry for determination of monosodium glutamate (MSG), a common flavor-enhancing food additive.

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Section: Glutamate Oxidase-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Glutamate Biosensors

Okon¹,

Ronkainen²

2017

Electrochemical Sensors Technology

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“…In addition, both Os(II) and Os(III) complexes, as monitored by cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectrophotometry, have been stable in aqueous solution over a wide pH range (pH 1 -12). 18,27 It has been presented that the redox potential of the couple FAD/FADH2 at 25.0˚C (pH 7.0) is -0.46 V vs. SCE, corresponding to the electrode reaction shown in Eq. (6).…”

Section: Redox Potentials Of Os(iii/ii) Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Osmium(II) Complexes as Electron Transfer Mediators Accessible for Amperometric Glucose Sensors

Nakabayashi¹,

Omayu²,

Yagi³

et al. 2001

ANAL. SCI.

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Enzyme-based biosensors are being used in an increasing number of clinical, environmental, agricultural, and biotechnological applications. 1 These were first described by Clark and Lyons for the determination of glucose. 2 The glucose sensors were based on the fact that the oxidation of glucose by molecular oxygen is catalyzed by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) to give gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide. The consumption of oxygen was followed by electrochemical reduction (-0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl) at a platinum electrode, as in the Clark oxygen electrode. Nevertheless, such glucose sensors were not able to detect low glucose concentrations, due to (i) a great excess of oxygen, (ii) the variation of oxygen concentrations in biological liquids, and (iii) the reduction of hydrogen peroxide at similar potentials. Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen was later detected by oxidizing it at more than 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. 3 These systems were found to be the most progressive, but one problem could be interferences from L-ascorbic acid, uric acid, etc., which were oxidized at similar potentials and were commonly present in biological samples. Such reductants produced noise anodic currents that also reduced the sensitivity of the glucose sensors.The idea was developed to replace oxygen with some other non-physiological redox-active molecule to serve as an electron acceptor for GOx in reduced form, which is usually called a mediator. The electron transfer mediator has to satisfy the following requirements: (i) an appropriate redox potential that in turn enables the electrode to be polarized at a potential that does not provoke interfering electrochemical reactions, (ii) chemical stability in both oxidized and reduced forms, and (iii) a high value of ks, which is the second-order rate constant for electron transfer from GOx in reduced form, to minimize competition with oxygen. Consequently, the choise of the mediator is certainly important to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. Ferrocene and its derivatives have been most extensively characterized and satisfied most of the above criteria. Taking the example of glucose, one can describe the operation of ferrocene as follows:GOxred(FADH2) + 2Fc + → GOxox(FAD) + 2Fc + 2H + (2)where FAD is the redox center of GOx, flavine adenine dinucleotide, and Fc is ferrocene. The fabrication of amperometric glucose sensors has been accomplished by the presence of ferrocene and its derivatives as diffusional electron transfer mediators, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] by ferrocene-conducting organic polymers, [11][12][13][14] and by covalent linkage of ferrocene and its derivatives to GOx. 15,16 In most systems, the anodic currents for glucose detection reached limiting values at 0.3 -0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl. These applied potentials may be still too high to prevent the electrooxidation from occurring due to the presence (pH 7.0). The evaluation of Os(II) complexes as electron transfer mediators accessible for amperometric glucose sensors was examined according to the determination of the redox ...

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“…The currently preferred mediators are monomeric ferrocenes, quinones, and osmium bipyridine complexes. All have redox potentials of about 0.3-0.6 V positive with respect to the redox potential of the enzyme [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive gate materials for a hydrogen peroxide sensitive /sup E/MOSFET

2002

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Abstract-This paper describes the detection principle of a hydrogen peroxide sensor based on the electrolyte metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor ( E MOSFET) and possibilities of using different types of redox materials as the gate material for the sensor with respect to the sensitivity and detection limit. After discussing the fundamentals of hydrogen peroxide detection and a short description of the E MOSFET characteristics in terms of its threshold voltage, the basic measuring principle of hydrogen peroxide using the E MOSFET is shown. The E MOSFET with electro-active gate materials such as iridium oxide, potassium ferric ferrocyanide, and Os polyvinylpyridine containing peroxidase, have been studied. These different materials are compared with each other with respect to their sensitivity, detection limit, and stability. The sensitivity of the sensors is improved by applying an external current between the gate and the solution.Index Terms-E MOSFET, hydrogen peroxide sensor, redox material.

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Amperometric sensors for peroxide, choline, and acetylcholine based on electron transfer between horseradish peroxidase and a redox polymer

Cited by 204 publications

References 29 publications

Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Glutamate Biosensors

Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Glutamate Biosensors

Evaluation of Osmium(II) Complexes as Electron Transfer Mediators Accessible for Amperometric Glucose Sensors

Electroactive gate materials for a hydrogen peroxide sensitive /sup E/MOSFET

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