Amphetamine Abuse in Emergency Department Patients Undergoing Psychiatric Evaluation

Pomerleau, Adam C.; Sutter, Mark E.; Owen, Kelly P.; Loomis, Eleanor; Albertson, Timothy E; Diercks, Deborah B.

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.01.040

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The authors found a 52% self-report rate, highlighting the importance of diagnostic toxicology screening. One last study was performed at our ED between 2009 and 2010 to determine the prevalence of methamphetamine use in 1,207 psychiatric patients, and if detection of methamphetamine on toxicology screening was associated with involuntary 72-h holds [33]. The authors reported a methamphetamine prevalence of 15%, a lower rate than present-day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Versus Methamphetamine Users in the Emergency Department: How Do They Differ?

Richards¹,

Tabish²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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Background: Stimulant use disorder is a worldwide problem. Users present to the ED for diverse reasons including trauma, chest and abdominal pain, altered mental status, stroke, suicidality, and skin infection. Objective: To determine what differences exist between stimulant users. Methods: We compared Stimulant users presenting to an urban ED Level I trauma center over a 3-month period with toxicology screens positive for cocaine and/or methamphetamine. Results: Of 718 subjects (465 male, 253 female), 610 (85%) were positive for methamphetamine, 80 (11%) cocaine, and 28 (4%) both. Significant racial differences existed, but not for age, gender, and insurance status. Ethanol co-ingestion was higher for cocaine users, otherwise no significant differences were detected for laboratory values and maximum heart rate, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. For presenting complaint, the proportion of cocaine users was higher for trauma and lower for altered level of consciousness than other subgroups. There was no significant difference in proportion of subjects admitted to the hospital, but cocaine users had a higher rate of elopement and were placed on 72-h psychiatric holds and/or transferred to inpatient psychiatric facilities at a significantly lower rate than the other subgroups. Conclusion: Cocaine users were more likely to present with trauma, elope from the ED, and have alcohol intoxication. Methamphetamine users were more likely to be Caucasian, have altered level of consciousness, be placed on psychiatric holds, or transferred to inpatient psychiatric facilities. These differences may be explained by regional preferences, socialization, personality types, and the unique neuropsychopharmacological differences between cocaine and methamphetamine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Versus Methamphetamine Users in the Emergency Department: How Do They Differ?

Richards¹,

Tabish²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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show abstract

“…Methamphetamine use is a significant health care issue, and law enforcement problem and users are more likely to use ambulance transport and be admitted to hospital (Pomerleau et al, 2012;Richards et al, 1999). Thus, health professionals working with and in the ED are positioned as frontline responders for people who use 'ICE'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of Health Professionals Caring for People Presenting to the Emergency Department After Taking Crystal Methamphetamine (“ICE”)

Cleary

Jackson

Woods

et al. 2016

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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Globally, addiction to "ICE" (crystal methamphetamine) is increasing and presents emergency health care services personnel with a number of challenges. This paper reports the first of two major themes arising from a qualitative study investigating health professionals' experiences' managing people presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) after taking "ICE." The theme "Caring for people who use 'ICE' when presenting to EDs" comprises five subthemes. These are: (a) expecting the unexpected: "they're just off their heads"; (b) complexity of care: "underlying trauma and emotional dysregulation";

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“…; Pomerleau et al . ; Tompkins‐Dobbs & Schiefelbein ). Proportionally, methamphetamine use in Australia is higher than in any other country, with more than 200,000 Australians reported using ICE in 2013 (compared with fewer than 100,000 in 2007), with figures noted to be conservative and already dated (Commonwealth of Australia, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystalline form of methamphetamine, commonly known as crystal meth (crystal methamphetamine) or ICE, is a highly-addictive and powerful stimulant that is widely used in many countries (Heilbronn 2013;Pasic et al 2007;Pluddemann et al 2010;Pomerleau et al 2012;Tompkins-Dobbs & Schiefelbein 2011). Proportionally, methamphetamine use in Australia is higher than in any other country, with more than 200,000 Australians reported using ICE in 2013 (compared with fewer than 100,000 in 2007), with figures noted to be conservative and already dated (Commonwealth of Australia, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, risk, and aggression: Health professionals’ experiences of caring for people affected by methamphetamine when presenting for emergency care

Usher

Jackson

Woods

et al. 2017

Int J Mental Health Nurs

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The crystalline form of methamphetamine, commonly known as crystal meth (crystal methamphetamine) or ICE, is a highly-addictive and powerful stimulant. Users of crystal meth often require emergency care, and are associated with a substantial burden of care by emergency care providers. The aim of the present qualitative study was to explore health professionals' experiences of providing care for patients affected by ICE who presented to the emergency department (ED). Nine semistructured interviews were conducted. The major theme, 'staying safe', was revealed, in which participants described their experiences of being exposed to potentially unsafe situations, and their responses to challenging behaviours, including aggression. The findings highlight the need for ED staff to understand the nature of ICE use and its adverse impact on the mental and physical health of users. Furthermore, it is clear that establishing and maintaining safety in the emergency care setting is of utmost importance, and should be a priority for health-care managers.

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Amphetamine Abuse in Emergency Department Patients Undergoing Psychiatric Evaluation

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Cocaine Versus Methamphetamine Users in the Emergency Department: How Do They Differ?

Cocaine Versus Methamphetamine Users in the Emergency Department: How Do They Differ?

Experiences of Health Professionals Caring for People Presenting to the Emergency Department After Taking Crystal Methamphetamine (“ICE”)

Safety, risk, and aggression: Health professionals’ experiences of caring for people affected by methamphetamine when presenting for emergency care

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