Amphetamine in biological specimens: impact and implications for public health

Simão, Ana Y.; Antunes, Mónica; Marques, Hernâni; Rosado, Tiago; Soares, Sofia; Gonçalves, Joana; Barroso, Mário; Gallardo, Eugénia

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_104-1

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Based on the stability results and bearing in mind the prospective application of MOFs for the treatment of the drug acute overdose the metabolic pathways of both nonadsorbed drug molecules and drug@MOFs should be considered. AMP metabolism primarily involves oxidative deamination and hydroxylation, mainly catalyzed by CYP2D6, leading to the formation of various metabolites such as hippuric acid or 4-hydroxyamphetamine . The stereoselective metabolism of amphetamine results in dextroamphetamine being metabolized more rapidly than levoamphetamine, resulting in differing half-lives and disproportionate concentrations of amphetamine excreted in urine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Clear: Metal–Organic Frameworks Pioneering the Path to Future Drug Detox

Jodłowski,

Dymek,

Kurowski

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The growing number of acute drug abuse overdoses demands the development of innovative detoxification strategies for emergency purposes. In this study, an innovative approach for the application of porous Zr-based metal−organic frameworks for the treatment of acute overdoses of popular drugs of abuse including amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, and MDMA is presented. A comprehensive approach determining the efficacy and the kinetics of drug removal, considering dosage, adsorption time, and adsorption mechanisms, was tested and corroborated with density functional theory (DFT) modeling. The experimental results showed high removal efficiency reaching up to 90% in the case of the application of the NU-1000 metal−organic framework. The difference Raman spectroscopy method presented in this study corroborated with DFT-based vibrational analysis allows the detection of drug adsorbed in the MOF framework even with as low a concentration as 5 mg/g. Additionally, the drug adsorption mechanisms were modeled with DFT, showing the π−π stacking in a vast majority of considered cases. The performance and influence on the living organisms were evaluated throughout the in vitro and in vivo experiments, indicating that Zr-based MOFs could serve as efficient, organic, safe drug adsorbents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Clear: Metal–Organic Frameworks Pioneering the Path to Future Drug Detox

Jodłowski,

Dymek,

Kurowski

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Typically appearing as a white, odorless, crystalline powder, amphetamines can be taken orally or by inhalation, either as a racemic mixture (levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine) or as dextroamphetamine alone [22,31]. When administered orally, 90% Amphetamines are characterized by their low molecular weight and classification as chemically weak, basic drugs, with pKa values approximately around 9.9.…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically appearing as a white, odorless, crystalline powder, amphetamines can be taken orally or by inhalation, either as a racemic mixture (levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine) or as dextroamphetamine alone [22,31]. When administered orally, 90% of the dosage is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When administered orally, 90% of the dosage is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The rate and extent of absorption of levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine are not significantly different [21,31]. The onset of action for amphetamine occurs 30 to 45 min after consumption, influenced by factors such as dose, purity, or concurrent food intake [31].…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate and extent of absorption of levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine are not significantly different [21,31]. The onset of action for amphetamine occurs 30 to 45 min after consumption, influenced by factors such as dose, purity, or concurrent food intake [31]. Substances promoting acidification of the gastrointestinal tract decrease amphetamine absorption, while gastrointestinal alkalinization may increase it [31].…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants

Pires,

Rosendo,

Brinca

et al. 2023

Life

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This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), dextroamphetamine, and phentermine. These compounds have been investigated for their potential in treating a range of psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obesity. Lisdexamphetamine dimesylate has shown promise in effectively treating ADHD symptoms in both children and adults. Additionally, it has been explored as a potential treatment for drug dependency and withdrawal, demonstrating encouraging results. Mixed amphetamine salts have also exhibited efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults. Future research should explore their potential use in treating bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence, considering the associated risks and benefits. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has emerged as an innovative approach to treating PTSD, leading to sustained reductions in symptoms and even promoting post-traumatic growth. Furthermore, it has shown promise in managing anxiety related to life-threatening illnesses. Dextroamphetamine and phentermine have demonstrated efficacy in treating cocaine and opioid dependence, ADHD, and obesity. However, careful consideration and monitoring by medical professionals are essential due to the potential risks and benefits associated with them. In conclusion, amphetamine-type stimulants present a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in various psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand their mechanisms of action, dosage requirements, and long-term effects in different patient populations.

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Amphetamine in biological specimens: impact and implications for public health

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Crystal Clear: Metal–Organic Frameworks Pioneering the Path to Future Drug Detox

Crystal Clear: Metal–Organic Frameworks Pioneering the Path to Future Drug Detox

The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants

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