Amphetamine induced dopamine release increases anxiety in individuals recovered from anorexia nervosa

Bailer, Ursula F.; Narendran, Rajesh; Frankle, W. Gordon; Himes, Michael L.; Duvvuri, Vikas; Mathis, Chester A.; Kaye, Walter H.

doi:10.1002/eat.20937

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, food ingestion may be experienced as anxiogenic for individuals with AN (Bailer et al, 2012). This may provide one mechanism through which individuals with AN experience self-starvation as a relief from this food associated anxiety, and indicates that negative reinforcement plays a big role in the maintenance of AN.…”

Section: The Role Of Positive and Negative Reinforcement In Compulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept

2014

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The compulsive nature of weight loss behaviors central to anorexia nervosa (AN), such as relentless self-starvation and over-exercise, has led to the suggestion of parallels between AN and other compulsive disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and addictions. There is a huge unmet need for effective treatments in AN, which has high rates of morbidity and the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, yet a grave paucity of effective treatments. Viewing compulsivity as a transdiagnostic concept, seen in various manifestations across disorders, may help delineate the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of AN, and aid treatment development. We explore models of compulsivity that suggest dysfunction in cortico-striatal circuitry underpins compulsive behavior, and consider evidence of aberrancies in this circuitry across disorders. Excessive habit formation is considered as a mechanism by which initially rewarding weight loss behavior in AN may become compulsive over time, and the complex balance between positive and negative reinforcement in this process is considered. The physiological effects of starvation in promoting compulsivity, positive reinforcement, and habit formation are also discussed. Further research in AN may benefit from a focus on processes potentially underlying the development of compulsivity, such as aberrant reward processing and habit formation. We discuss the implications of a transdiagnostic perspective on compulsivity, and how it may contribute to the development of novel treatments for AN.

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Section: The Role Of Positive and Negative Reinforcement In Compulsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept

2014

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“…(37) Importantly, rats characterized as risk aversive(39) showed greater D2 mRNA expression in the dorsal caudate, supporting human studies suggesting that DA signaling in executive cortical striatal circuitry is related to risk of adverse consequences or inhibitory control(40, 41) or anxiety. (42) A study(43) using PET [ 11 C]raclopride binding with amphetamine to assess endogenous DA production found that DA release in the precommissural dorsal caudate (preDCA) was associated with increased anxiety in REC AN. In contrast, controls showed euphoria associated with AVS DA release, consistent with many, but not all control responses to amphetamine.…”

Section: Da Function In An and Bnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a Shared Neurobiology for Foods and Drugs of Abuse Contribute to Extremes of Food Ingestion in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa?

Kaye

Wierenga

Bailer

et al. 2013

Biological Psychiatry

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142

101

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Is starvation in anorexia nervosa (AN) or overeating in bulimia nervosa (BN) a form of addiction? Alternatively, why are individuals with BN more vulnerable and AN protected from substance abuse? Such questions have been generated by recent studies that suggest that there are overlapping neural circuits for foods and drugs of abuse. In order to determine whether a shared neurobiology contributes to eating disorders (EDs) and substance abuse, this review focused on imaging studies that investigated response to tastes of food and tasks designed to characterize reward and behavioral inhibition in AN and BN. BN and those with substance abuse disorders may share dopamine D2 receptor related vulnerabilities, and opposite findings may contribute to “protection” from substance abuse in AN. Moreover, imaging studies provide insights into executive cortico-striatal processes related to extraordinary inhibition and self-control in AN and diminished inhibitory self-control in BN that may influence the rewarding aspect of palatable foods and likely other consummatory behaviors. AN and BN tend to have premorbid traits, such as perfectionism and anxiety that make them vulnerable to employing extremes of food ingestion which serve to reduce negative mood states. Dysregulation within and/or between limbic and executive cortio-striatal circuits contributes to such symptoms. Limited data support the hypothesis that reward and inhibitory processes may contribute to symptoms in ED and addictive disorders, but little is known about the molecular biology of such mechanisms in terms of shared or independent processes.

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“…This reduction of D2Rs is associated with suppressed metabolism in brain areas involved in self-control and increased metabolism in regions involved in sensory processing of palatability [185, 189]. Interestingly, a recent imaging study of patients recovered from anorexia nervosa indicates that their eating-induced dopamine release may produce anxiety instead of the typical pleasurable response [190]. …”

Section: Perturbations In Pathways That Regulate Behavior and Metabolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Mechanisms Responsible for the Comorbidity between Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health Disorders

2013

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The increased prevalence and high comorbidity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and mental health disorders (MHDs) have prompted investigation into the potential contributing mechanisms. There is a bidirectional association between MetS and MHDs including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Medication side effects and social repercussions are contributing environmental factors, but there are a number of shared underlying neurological and physiological mechanisms that explain the high comorbidity between these two disorders. Inflammation is a state shared by both disorders, and it contributes to disruptions of neuroregulatory systems (including the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and neuropeptide Y systems) as well as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. MetS in pregnant women also exposes the developing fetal brain to inflammatory factors that predispose the offspring to MetS and psychopathologies. Due to the shared nature of these conditions, treatment should address aspects of both mental health and metabolic disorders. Additionally, interventions that can interrupt the transfer of increased risk of the disorders to the next generation need to be developed.

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Amphetamine induced dopamine release increases anxiety in individuals recovered from anorexia nervosa

Cited by 50 publications

References 60 publications

Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept

Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept

Does a Shared Neurobiology for Foods and Drugs of Abuse Contribute to Extremes of Food Ingestion in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa?

Unraveling the Mechanisms Responsible for the Comorbidity between Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health Disorders

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