“…Due to the remarkable property of pyrene fluorophores to form excimers and exciplexes with pronounced changes in output fluorescence signals, pyrene-modified MBs have been well developed. To obtain MBs with improved emission characteristics and specificity, several interesting design decisions have been proposed (see, for instance, [ 29 , 30 , 66 , 85 , 92 , 94 , 95 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ]; some of them are illustrated in Figure 9 ), among them are excimer-forming MBs containing a quencher (for instance, types MB1a [ 85 , 100 , 105 ], MB1b [ 105 ], MB1c and MB1d [ 100 ], and MB2 [ 30 ]) and numerous quencher-free MBs (for instance, types MB3 [ 66 ], MB4 [ 94 ], MB5 [ 29 , 101 ], MB6 [ 109 ], MB7 [ 106 , 108 ], and MB8 [ 107 ]), including systems that utilize γ-cyclodextrin or hybridization chain reaction-mediated signal amplification (types MB9 [ 95 , 111 ] and MB10 [ 104 ]).…”