Amplified spontaneous Raman scattering in fiber Raman amplifiers

Mochizuki, K.; Edagawa, N.; Iwamoto, Y.

doi:10.1109/jlt.1986.1074905

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Raman amplification in optical fibers has been extensively studied (Mochizuki et al, 1986;Olsson and Hegarty, 1986;Aoki, 1988;Desurvire, 1994). However, until recently, the high pump power required was an obstacle to the use of this type of amplifier in communication systems.…”

Section: F Noise In Raman Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum noise in photonics

Henry¹,

Kazarinov²

1996

Rev. Mod. Phys.

162

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The basic equations governing noise phenomena are derived from first principles and applied to examples in optical communications. Quantum noise arises from two sources, the momentum fluctuations of electrons at optical frequencies and the uncertainty-related fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Shot noise results from the beating of the noise sources with the signal field. In high-gain amplifiers, the spontaneous-emission noise dominates shot noise and results in a noise figure of at least 3 dB. It is shown explicitly how, at high power, both the laser field and the laser noise source become classical. The increase in noise in lasers with open cavities is not due to enhanced spontaneous emission as once thought, but to single-pass amplification. The noise fields and spontaneous currents have Gaussian distributions, while nonlasing modes have exponential photon-number distributions. Low-frequency intensity fluctuations arise from the electric current driving the laser and can be sub-Poissonian, in contrast to shot noise, which has a Poissonian distribution. The calculational tools are a wave equation for the field operator and a rate equation for the carrier-number operator, each containing spontaneous current noise sources. The correlation functions of these sources are determined by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.[S0034-6861(96)00503-X]

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Section: F Noise In Raman Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum noise in photonics

Henry¹,

Kazarinov²

1996

Rev. Mod. Phys.

162

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“…In the derivation, we assume, for simplicity, the signals and the pumps have the same loss coefficient. We deal with a bidirectional fiber system with transmission length L, with ,4=6X10"'cm" 2 , «=0.2 dB/km, and #=7.5xlO" 12 cm/W, respectively. The pump power Pi(0) and the signal power ĄCO) are injected at 2=0 and travel in the +z direction while the pump power P 2 (L) and the signal power S 2 (L) are injected at z=L and propagate along the -z direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have assumed the Raman gain is constant within the optical bandwidth and X 2^> {AX) 2 [12]. The accumulation of forward ASE noise power, P/ip(z)f versus transmission distance z is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Forward Ase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike treatments of Refs. [5] and [12] in a unidirectional system where the results are obtained under the assumption that pump depletion is negligible, here we analyze both forward and backward ASE noise by taking pump depletion into account. On the basis of the results, the signal to ASE noise ratio and the achievable repeater length are discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noise properties of a bidirectional optical fiber transmission system using Raman amplifers

Kao

1989

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers

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Noise properties of a bidirectional optical fiber transmission system using Raman amplification are analyzed. Analytical expressions for both forward and backward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise are established in terms of system parameters. The signal to ASE noise ratio (SNR) and the achievable repeater length are discussed. Based on the results, we find that there exist optimum pump and initial power levels for the maximum SNR and repeater spacing. The maximum system transmission length and accumulated ASE noise for a multiple-amplifier system are calculated. A maximum system transmission length up to 5,000 km with 12 dB SNR is then predicted.

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“…By measuring the grows of the Stokes wave, one can deduced the Raman gain as a function of frequency (Mahgerefteh et al, 1996;Stolen et al, 1984). Amplified spontaneous Stokes wave plays an important role in Raman fiber amplifiers (Aoki, 1988;Mochizuki et al, 1986;Olsson & Hegarty, 1986). Fig.…”

Section: Amplified Spontaneous Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Nonlinear Scattering Processes in Silica Optical Fibers

Brainis¹

2012

Recent Progress in Optical Fiber Research

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Amplified spontaneous Raman scattering in fiber Raman amplifiers

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Quantum noise in photonics

Quantum noise in photonics

Noise properties of a bidirectional optical fiber transmission system using Raman amplifers

Spontaneous Nonlinear Scattering Processes in Silica Optical Fibers

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