Amplifiers of developmental and negative experiences in organized activities: Dosage, motivation, lead roles, and adult-youth ratios

Hansen, David M.; Larson, Reed

doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2007.04.006

Cited by 131 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…They argued that the time commitment of participants, training and background of coaches, and competition and volunteer opportunities within competitive and school sports programmes positively mediated the relationship between participation in sport and learning experiences. These findings support most PYD literature reporting that the structure of the environment should be examined in order to understand how participation is experienced by young people (Hansen & Larson, 2007). A majority of the sport-related youth studies in the PYD domain have focused on the impact of coaches and coach-participant relationships.…”

Section: Domains Of Learning Experiences In Sportsupporting

confidence: 72%

What Makes a Difference for Disadvantaged Girls? Investigating the Interplay between Group Composition and Positive Youth Development in Sport

Schaillée

Theeboom

Cauwenberg

2015

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It has been suggested that group composition can influence the experiences of individual group members in social programmes (Weiss, 1998). The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between peer group composition in sports programmes and positive youth development (PYD) in disadvantaged girls, as well as to determine whether it was moderated by personal characteristics. Two hundred young women aged between 10 and 24 completed a questionnaire including, among others, the "Youth Experience Survey for Sport" (YES-S) (MacDonald, Côté, Eys, & Deakin, 2012) and questions regarding participants' socio-economic characteristics (i.e., nationality, education, family situation). Multilevel regression analyses were performed to take into account the hierarchical data structure. At the group level, a higher percentage of girls from a low educational track and with a migration background predicted greater PYD, as indicated by higher levels of personal and social skills, cognitive skills and goal setting. Results showed interaction effects between the respondents' family structures on the participant and team levels. The overall statistical models for the different developmental domains accounted for variance ranging from 14.7% (personal and social skills) to 30.3% (cognitive skills). Results indicated that the extent to which disadvantaged girls derive benefits from their participation in sport also depends on the group composition. The interaction effects between the group composition and individual characteristics suggest that when girls participate in a group of similar peers, those from non-intact families will derive more benefits than their counterparts from intact families.

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Section: Domains Of Learning Experiences In Sportsupporting

confidence: 72%

What Makes a Difference for Disadvantaged Girls? Investigating the Interplay between Group Composition and Positive Youth Development in Sport

Schaillée

Theeboom

Cauwenberg

2015

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“…Furthermore, the increased participation was hypothesized to be related to perceptions of increased competence and/or relatedness. The link between level of leisure activity participation and level of positive experiences has been observed in previous studies on adolescents [42,43]. Earlier studies have also found that factors such as breadth and intensity of activity participation are both associated with positive developmental outcomes, such as psychological competencies, and positive peer context (for an overview, see [44]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

What They Want and What They Get: Self-Reported Motives, Perceived Competence, and Relatedness in Adolescent Leisure Activities

Leversen

Danielsen

Wold

et al. 2012

Child Development Research

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This study explored the extent to which adolescents' motives for leisure activity participation are related to their perceptions of competence and relatedness in different kinds of activities and aimed to provide new insight into boys' and girls' leisure experiences and their motivational orientations for activity participation. These proposed associations were based on previous empirical work and the theoretical frameworks of motive disposition approach and were tested in a nationally representative sample of Norwegian adolescents (N = 3273) aged 15 and 16 years (51.8% boys) from the World Health Organization's crosssectional survey, Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children 2005/06. The findings in the current study supported the hypothesis regarding matched correlations between specific motives and specific outcomes in that the adolescents seem to get (perceived competence and relatedness) what they want (competence and social motives) within leisure activities. Furthermore, the analysis using structural equation modeling indicated different motivational orientations in types of leisure activity participation between girls and boys, although the mediating effects of leisure activity participation in different types of activities were not significant.

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“…Intensity of involvement in OST programs is defined by how frequently youth participate in a given activity context (e.g., Hansen & Larson, 2007) and is typically measured using a continuous scale assessing participants' reports of the number of hours (or number of times) they participate in OST programs during a span of time (e.g., Ferris, Oosterhoff & Metzger, 2013;Oosterhoff, Ferris & Metzger, 2014). In comparison to the intensity with which youth are involved in OST programs, duration of participation represents an additional, yet understudied, component of OST program involvement.…”

Section: Intensity and Duration Of Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Character Development within Youth Development Programs: Exploring Multiple Dimensions of Activity Involvement

Lynch

Ferris

Burkhard

et al. 2016

American J of Comm Psychol

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We examined links among three dimensions of youth involvement (intensity, duration, and engagement) in Boy Scouts of America (BSA), an international out-ofschool time (OST) youth development program designed to promote moral and performance character in boys. Using data from 737 youth and their parents who participated in one of 40 BSA program sites (commonly referred to as "packs"), we first considered how individual-and packlevel measures of program involvement were differentially linked with character development. Next, we examined whether pack-level involvement characteristics moderate individual-level involvement characteristics, hypothesizing that highly involved packs would serve to further enhance the positive effects of high levels of individual involvement. Results indicated engagement was the strongest, most frequent predictor of increases in both moral and performance character. Although there were no direct effects of pack-level intensity, duration, or engagement, the effects of individual-level engagement were moderated by pack-level engagement, suggesting that the largest increases in moral and performance character occurred among highly engaged youth who were enrolled in highly engaged packs. These results highlight the need to examine multiple dimensions of OST program involvement simultaneously, and suggest that strengthening youth engagement in programming may provide a means for enhancing the positive effects of high-quality youth programming.

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Amplifiers of developmental and negative experiences in organized activities: Dosage, motivation, lead roles, and adult-youth ratios

Cited by 131 publications

References 22 publications

What Makes a Difference for Disadvantaged Girls? Investigating the Interplay between Group Composition and Positive Youth Development in Sport

What Makes a Difference for Disadvantaged Girls? Investigating the Interplay between Group Composition and Positive Youth Development in Sport

What They Want and What They Get: Self-Reported Motives, Perceived Competence, and Relatedness in Adolescent Leisure Activities

Character Development within Youth Development Programs: Exploring Multiple Dimensions of Activity Involvement

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