Amplifying Flood Risk Across the Lower Yellow River Basin, China, Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

Abstract

The ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin (YRB) has been adopted as a major national strategy of China. However, the YRB is still afflicted by floods. Here, we proposed a flood risk indicator using direct economic loss degree and improved the SNRD (station-based nonlinear regression downscaling model) and simulated extreme precipitation processes. The correlation coefficient of downscaled average extreme precipitation of CMORPH and CMIP6 data reached 0.817. Moreover, we evaluated flood risk and flood hazard across the YRB based on the sixth phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) data under different SSPs. Under SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585 scenarios, the areas with increasing flood hazards during 2015–2045 accounted for 65.2, 69.0, and 64.5% of the entire YRB. In the spatial pattern, flood hazards decreased from southeastern to northwestern parts of the YRB. When compared with the spatial pattern of flood risks in 2015, regions with high flood risks expanded slightly and regions with low flood risks shrunk slightly. Higher flood risks can be observed in the middle and lower YRB and particularly in the lower YRB. These findings are critical for the mitigation of flood risk across the YRB under warming climate.

Escalating rainstorm-induced flood risks in the Yellow River Basin, China

“…In 2018, the flood risk in Henan Province increased 7.5 times larger than in 2000, while in Shandong Province, it increased 9.2 times larger than 2000 (figure 6(f)). Song et al identified the lower and middle YRB as high-risk areas for future floods, which is in good line with the findings of this current study [46]. In summary, the increased vulnerability of disaster-bearing bodies as well as increased exposure to floods due to socio-economic development had led to an intensification of urban flash flood and flood risk in the YRB.…”

“…Meanwhile, The YRB holds significant importance as an essential grain-producing area in China, playing an indispensable role in socioeconomic development and ecological conservation within the country. Recognizing its importance, the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the YRB has been adopted as a major national strategy of China [46]. However, the YRB is still afflicted by floods.…”