Amplitude and frequency of temperature extremes over the North Atlantic region

Nogaj, M.; Yiou, Pascal; Parey, Sylvie; Malek, Farida; Naveau, Philippe

doi:10.1029/2005gl024251

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Differences in Hsp70 expression levels among PGI genotypes may buffer fitness consequences of differences in locomotor performance among genotypes and facilitate the persistence of the PGI polymorphism in these populations. As some models of climate change predict an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events (Beniston, 2004;Nogaj et al, 2006), organisms with genetic variation that allows them to tolerate extreme climatic variability may be uniquely suited to adapt to rapid climate change and avoid local or total extinction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects running speed and heat shock protein expression after exposure to extreme temperatures in a montane willow beetle

Rank

Bruce

McMillan

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Eastern Sierra Nevada populations of the willow beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis commonly experience stressfully high and low environmental temperatures that may influence survival and reproduction. Allele frequencies at the enzyme locus phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) vary across a climatic latitudinal gradient in these populations, with PGI allele 1 being most common in cooler regions and PGI allele 4 in warmer ones. PGI genotypes differ in heat and cold tolerance and in expression of a 70 kDa heat shock protein. Here we examine genetic, behavioral and environmental factors affecting a performance character, running speed, for willow beetles, and assess effects of consecutive cold and heat exposure on running speed and expression of Hsp70 in the laboratory. In nature, running speed depends on air temperature and is higher for males than females. Mating beetles ran faster than single beetles, and differences among PGI genotypes in male running speed depended on the presence of females. In the laboratory, exposure to cold reduced subsequent running speed, but the amount of this reduction depended on PGI genotype and previous thermal history. Effects of exposure to heat also depended on life history stage and PGI genotype. Adults possessing allele 1 ran fastest after a single exposure to stressful temperature, whereas those possessing allele 4 ran faster after repeated exposure. Larvae possessing allele 4 ran fastest after a single stressful exposure, but running speed generally declined after a second exposure to stressful temperature. The ranking of PGI genotypes after the second exposure depended on whether a larva had been exposed to cold or heat. Effects of temperature on Hsp70 expression also varied among PGI genotypes and depended on type of exposure, especially for adults (single heat exposure, two cold exposures: PGI 1-1>1-4>4-4;other multiple extreme exposures: 4-4>1-4>1-1). There was no consistent association between alleles at other polymorphic enzyme loci and running speed or Hsp70 expression. These data suggest that variation at PGI is associated with considerable plasticity in running speed. Differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes suggest that the heat-shock response may buffer differences in thermal tolerance and performance among genotypes and help maintain the PGI polymorphism in a thermally variable environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects running speed and heat shock protein expression after exposure to extreme temperatures in a montane willow beetle

Rank

Bruce

McMillan

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Hertig et al, 2010), or by applying extreme value theory (e.g. Nogaj et al, 2006;Huguet Correspondence to: S. Barbosa (sabarbosa@fc.ul.pt) et al, 2008;Parey, 2008;Scotto et al, 2011). However, in a climate change context the temporal evolution of mean temperature is of relevance as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative approach to spatially characterise regional variability is cluster analysis (e.g. Scotto et al, 2009;Mahlstein and Knutti, 2010). The aim of the present study is to describe regional temperature variability over Europe by combining quantile regression and a time series clustering procedure in the analysis of European daily mean temperature records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Summarising changes in air temperature over Central Europe by quantile regression and clustering

Barbosa

Scotto

Alonso

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The analysis of trends in air temperature observations is one of the most common activities in climate change studies. This work examines the changes in daily mean air temperature over Central Europe using quantile regression, which allows the estimation of trends, not only in the mean but in all parts of the data distribution. A bootstrap procedure is applied for assessing uncertainty on the derived slopes and the resulting distributions are summarised via clustering. The results show considerable spatial diversity over the central European region. A distinct behaviour is found for lower (5 %) and upper (95 %) quantiles, with higher trends around 0.15 • C decade −1 at the 5 % quantile and around 0.20 • C decade −1 at the 95 % quantile, the largest trends (>0.2 • C decade −1 ) occurring in the Alps.

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“…Thus, the POT approach is indeed more appropriate. While the POT method has been applied for studying temperature extremes in different regions of the world (Burgueño et al, 2002;Nogaj et al, 2006;Coelho et al, 2007;Ghil et al, 2011), to our knowledge, it has never been used to analyze the statistics of temperature extremes in Sindh. Thanks to the properties of universality of the GPD distribution (Lucarini et al, 2016), the POT approach can in principle provide reliable estimates of return periods and also the return levels (RLs) for time ranges longer than what is actually observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

Zahid¹,

Blender²,

Lucarini

et al. 2017

Earth Syst. Dynam.

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Abstract. Southern Pakistan (Sindh) is one of the hottest regions in the world and is highly vulnerable to temperature extremes. In order to improve rural and urban planning, it is useful to gather information about the recurrence of temperature extremes. In this work, return levels of the daily maximum temperature T max are estimated, as well as the daily maximum wet-bulb temperature TW max extremes. We adopt the peaks over threshold (POT) method, which has not yet been used for similar studies in this region. Two main datasets are analyzed: temperatures observed at nine meteorological stations in southern Pakistan from 1980 to 2013, and the ERA-Interim (ECMWF reanalysis) data for the nearest corresponding locations. The analysis provides the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year return levels (RLs) of temperature extremes. The 90 % quantile is found to be a suitable threshold for all stations. We find that the RLs of the observed T max are above 50 • C at northern stations and above 45 • C at the southern stations. The RLs of the observed TW max exceed 35 • C in the region, which is considered as a limit of survivability. The RLs estimated from the ERA-Interim data are lower by 3 to 5 • C than the RLs assessed for the nine meteorological stations. A simple bias correction applied to ERA-Interim data improves the RLs remarkably, yet discrepancies are still present. The results have potential implications for the risk assessment of extreme temperatures in Sindh.

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Amplitude and frequency of temperature extremes over the North Atlantic region

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects running speed and heat shock protein expression after exposure to extreme temperatures in a montane willow beetle

Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects running speed and heat shock protein expression after exposure to extreme temperatures in a montane willow beetle

Summarising changes in air temperature over Central Europe by quantile regression and clustering

Return levels of temperature extremes in southern Pakistan

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