Amplitude scintillation index derived from C/N0 measurements released by common geodetic GNSS receivers operating at 1 Hz

Luo, Xu; Gu, Shengfeng; Lou, Yidong; Cai, Lei; Liu, Zhizhao

doi:10.1007/s00190-020-01359-7

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The exact formulation used by receiver types used in this study is unknown. On one hand, the introduced technique for S 4 estimation has been proven to correlate well with conventional S 4 computed directly from the signal intensity (Luo et al, 2020; Rodrigues & Moraes, 2019; Thompson et al, 2008). On the other hand, the primary drawback of using SNR is a fade smearing due to the temporal averaging, as demonstrated by Jiao et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We compute ROTI, utilizing a running 60‐second standard deviation filter, as defined by Pi et al (1997):

R O T I = \sqrt{< R O T^{2} > - < R O T >^{2}},

where the ROT is differential TEC computed at 1‐second resolution. Furthermore, we estimate equivalent S 4 by utilizing the SNR measurements, building upon promising results of recent case studies (Luo et al, 2020; Rodrigues & Moraes, 2019). We convert SNR into linear units of intensity

I = 1 0^{S N R false/ 10}

and then compute the index on a running 60‐second window.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilization of high‐rate geodetic receivers is an attractive and potentially ground‐breaking avenue for augmentation of GNSS scintillation science. Recently, several studies demonstrated the capability of high‐rate geodetic receivers on a single‐receiver comparison cases with colocated ionospheric scintillation monitors (Juan et al, 2017; Luo et al, 2020; Nguyen et al, 2019). The preliminary results were focused on the equatorial scintillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preliminary results were focused on the equatorial scintillation. Further, Luo et al (2020) extended the capability to image amplitude scintillation over China. Contrary to the other studies, we do not attempt to calibrate the values of our scintillation indices to S 4 and σ ϕ , since we have no colocated ionospheric scintillation monitor data available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Leveraging Geodetic GPS Receivers for Ionospheric Scintillation Science

et al. 2020

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We demonstrate scintillation analysis from a network of geodetic Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers which provide data at 1-second resolution. We introduce proxy phase (σ TEC) and amplitude (SNR 4) scintillation indices and validate them against the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI) and S 4. Additionally, we validate scintillation observations against a Connected Autonomous Space Environment Sensor scintillation receiver. We develop receiver-dependent scintillation event thresholding using hardware-dependent noise variance. We analyze 6 days adjacent to the 7-8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm, using 169 receivers covering magnetic latitudes between 15 • and 65 • in the American longitude sector. We leverage the available spatial sampling coverage to construct 2-D maps of scintillation and present episodic evolution of scintillation intensifications during the storm. We show that low-latitude and high-latitude scintillation morphology match well-established scintillation climatology patterns. At midlatitudes, spatiotemporal evolution of scintillation partially agrees with known scintillation patterns. Additionally, the results reveal previously undocumented midlatitude scintillation-producing structures. The results provide an unprecedented view into the spatiotemporal development of scintillation-producing plasma irregularities and provide a resource to further exploit scintillation evolution at large spatial scales.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We compute ROTI, utilizing a running 60‐second standard deviation filter, as defined by Pi et al (1997):

R O T I = \sqrt{< R O T^{2} > - < R O T >^{2}},

I = 1 0^{S N R false/ 10}

and then compute the index on a running 60‐second window.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging Geodetic GPS Receivers for Ionospheric Scintillation Science

et al. 2020

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“…However, specialized receivers that can generate the scintillation indices, namely the amplitude scintillation index (S4) and phase scintillation index (σ ϕ ) [5] are not available worldwide, which limits the application of these approaches. Though the S4 index can be computed with low-cost receivers or common geodetic GNSS receivers [6,7], the σ ϕ index cannot be generated in the same way. In order to overcome this problem, it is proposed to investigate the relationship of two parameters, namely multipath (MP) and rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI), that can be obtained from standard generic receivers to represent scintillation indices (S4 and σ ϕ ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Relationship between Scintillation Parameters, Multipath and ROTI

Hancock

Hamm

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operation can be affected by several environmental factors, of which ionospheric scintillation is one of the most significant. Scintillation is usually characterized by two indices, namely the amplitude scintillation index (S4) and phase scintillation index (σφ). However, these two indices can only be generated by specialized GNSS receivers, which are not widely available all around the world. To popularize the study of scintillation, this article proposes to use more accessible parameters, namely multipath (MP) and rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI), to characterize scintillation. Using GPS data obtained on six days in total from three stations, namely PRU2 and SAO0P located in Sao Paulo, Brazil and SNA0P located in Antarctica, respectively, both the time series plots and 2D maps were generated to investigate the relationship of scintillation indices (S4 and σφ) with MP and ROTI. To prevent the effect of the real multipath error, a 30-degree satellite elevation mask is applied to all the data. As the scintillation indices S4 and σφ have a sampling interval of 1 min, MP and ROTI are calculated with the same sampling interval for a more direct comparison. The results show that the structural similarity (SSIM) and correlation coefficient (CC) between parameters was greater than 0.7 for 70% of outputs. In addition, the variogram and cross-variogram are applied to investigate the spatial structure of the MP, ROTI, S4 and σφ in order to support the results of SSIM and CC. With outputs in three forms, promising spatial and temporal relationships between parameters was observed.

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