Amputations

Mittelbach, Hans Reiner

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6161-2_6

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] Long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acids were often obtained by the hydrolysis, oxidation of chain scission, or splitting of vegetable oils. [5][6][7] Castor oil derived from vegetable oils is a low-cost, abundantly available, renewable raw material that enables them to be used in a wide range of applications. [8][9][10] Castor oil is an abundantly available natural material composed of more than 80% castor acid and circa 20% neutral compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Castor Oil‐Derived Decanediamide as a Novel Flexible Asphalt‐Modified Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

Bao

Chen

et al. 2016

Adv Polym Technol

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Castor oil-derived decanediamide, as a novel flexible epoxy curing agent, was synthesized by esterization with methanol and ammonolysis with ammonia. The chemical structure and thermal properties of this novel curing agent were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The tensile strength, impact strength, dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of cured epoxy resin were investigated by tensile tests,dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and TGA, respectively. The results showed that the prepared decanediamide had a high yield of 85.4%, and the epoxy resin cured by the decanediamide revealed a slight decrease in the mechanical properties and thermal stability, and a longer pot life at high temperature compared with that of a conventional epoxy curing agent. Asphalt as a toughening agent was added into this system, in order to improve the poor brittle resistance of pure epoxy resin, which proved to have good compatibility with this system and improve the brittle resistance effectively. Thus, the decanediamide has a great potential to replace some of current petroleum-based compounds in the synthesis of epoxy curing agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Castor Oil‐Derived Decanediamide as a Novel Flexible Asphalt‐Modified Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

Bao

Chen

et al. 2016

Adv Polym Technol

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“…This was expected since it is a wellknown fact that biodiesel density is influenced primarily by the choice of vegetable oil and, to some extent, by the applied purification steps, since it depends primarily on the content of methyl esters and slightly on the quantity of residual methanol (up to 0.2 % m/m according to SRPS EN 14214 16,24 ). 35 The percentages of the decrease in density between the feedstocks and the corresponding methyl esters (calculated as the ratios of the density differences between a particular SO and ME and the initial density values for the SO multiplied by 100) were about 4 %. This implied that working parameters applied in this study had no influence on the densities of the MEs, coinciding with the fact that this biodiesel characteristic depends primarily on the origin of the feedstock.…”

Section: Density At 15 °Cmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transesterification of linoleic and oleic sunflower oils to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst

2012

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The purpose of this work is to characterize biodiesel (i.e. methyl esters, MEs) produced from linoleic and oleic sunflower oils (LSO and OSO, respectively) by alkali transesterification with methanol and CaO as a heterogeneous catalyst under different reaction parameters. The parameters investigated were the methanol/oil molar ratio (4.5:1, 6:1, 7.5:1, 9:1 and 12:1) and the mass ratio of CaO to oil (2% and 3%). The physical and chemical properties of the feedstocks and MEs, like density at 15oC, kinematic viscosity at 40oC, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, cetane index, fatty acid (methyl ester) composition, were determined in order to investigate the effects of LSO and OSO properties and reaction parameters on the product characteristics, yields and purity. The properties of feedstock had decisive effect on the physical and chemical properties of MEs as majority of them did not differ significantly under studied reaction conditions. The MEs produced generally met the criteria required for commercial biodiesel; in fact, the only exception was in the case of iodine value of ME produced from LSO. The product yields only slightly changed with the applied conditions; the highest yield (99.22%) was obtained for ME-LSO produced at 6 mol% methanol to oil ratio, while the lowest one (93.20%) was for ME-OSO produced under the lowest methanol/oil molar ratio (4.5:1). The applied catalyst amounts had similar influence on the oil conversion to biodiesel. The yields of ME-LSOs were in general somewhat higher than those obtained for ME-OSOs under the same conditions, which was attributed to the influence of the respective feedstocks' acid value and viscosity

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“…6 In relation to biodiesel, iodine and acidity indexes, free and total glycerol, as well as ester content need to be monitored. 7 Iodine value is proportional to the degree of unsaturation of the product and indicates its oxidative stability. 8 The official method for biodiesel and vegetable oils (EN 14111) 9 is based on titration of the excess of a halogen reagent with a sodium thiosulfate solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Spectrophotometric Determination of Iodine Value in Biodiesel and Vegetable Oils

Soares¹,

Rocha²

2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Iodine value is an important quality parameter for evaluation of the oxidative stability of biodiesel and vegetable oils, but the official methods are time-consuming and demand large amounts of reagents and solvents. The present work describes a novel procedure for determination of iodine value based on the discoloration of a triiodide aqueous solution due to halogenation of the unsaturated compounds in the samples. Iodine is extracted to the organic phase and consumed proportionally to the amount of unsaturated compounds in the samples. Thus, the remaining fraction of I 3 quantified by spectrophotometry in the aqueous phase is inversely proportional to the concentration of unsaturated compounds. For biodiesel samples, responses were linear from 10 to 106 g I 2 per 100 g, with coefficient of variation and limit of detection estimated at 5.0% (n = 8) and 2.5 g I 2 per 100 g, respectively. The corresponding values for vegetable oils were 20 to 140 g I 2 per 100 g, 3.0% (n = 10), and 7 g I 2 per 100 g, respectively. The procedure consumed only 1.2 mL of sample, 365 μg of I 2 , and 42 mg of KI with ca. 2.4 mL of waste generated per determination. The results agreed with those obtained by the official methods at the 95% confidence level.

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Amputations

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis of Castor Oil‐Derived Decanediamide as a Novel Flexible Asphalt‐Modified Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

Synthesis of Castor Oil‐Derived Decanediamide as a Novel Flexible Asphalt‐Modified Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

Transesterification of linoleic and oleic sunflower oils to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst

Fast Spectrophotometric Determination of Iodine Value in Biodiesel and Vegetable Oils

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