AMTEC: current status and vision

Levy, G.C.; Hunt, Thomas K.; Sievers, R.K.

doi:10.1109/iecec.1997.661931

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For the appropriate use of an optical device, it is important to know about the refractive index of the material used. The variations in the refractive indices of the compound CsPbX3 (Cl, Br, I) were displayed [30]. It was observed that the obtained curves at equilibrium pressure started from zero energy with 1.75, 1.92, and 2.20 values of refractive indices 'n'.…”

Section: Figure 4b Imaginary Part Of Dielectric Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-Principle Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic System

Waqas

2020

SIR

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Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as optoelectronic materials because these materials have high photovoltaic conversion efficiency. The current study is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT). This theory was used to calculate the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I)) compounds . In order to calculate the above mentioned properties of cubic perovskites CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), Full Potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FP-LAPW) method was implemented in conjunction with DFT utilizing LDA, GGA-PBE and mBJ approximations. A good agreement was found between experimentally measured values and theoretically calculated lattice constants. These compounds have a direct and wide band gap located at the point of R-symmetry, while the band gap decreases from ‘Cl’ to ‘I’ down the group. The densities of electrons revealed a strong ionic bond between Cs and halides and a strong covalent bond between ‘Pb’ and (Cl, Br, and I). The dielectric functions (reflectivity, refractive indices, absorption coefficients), optical conductivities (real and imaginary part) and other optical properties indicated that these compounds have novel energy harvester applications. The modeling of these perovskite compounds shows that they have high absorption power and direct band gaps in visible ultraviolet range and it also shows that these compounds have potential applications in solar cells.

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Section: Figure 4b Imaginary Part Of Dielectric Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-Principle Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic System

Waqas

2020

SIR

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“…The cell could provide an electric power output 6-10 W at a load voltage 43 V and a conversion efficiency of 14-18% [12,15]. However, the conversion efficiency is still far below the theoretical values, which could theoretically have efficiency between 20 and 40% [16]. A more serious problem is that the results of the tests have indicated some early failures and gradual decrease in the cell performance of more than 30% with operation time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This arrangement has been demonstrated successfully in laboratory tests at AMPS, and is referred to as the 'AMTEC internal self-heat pipe' [22]. This new design has been used in a conceptual design of novel, integrated reactor/power conversion system [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No matter which type of AMTEC (liquid anode, vapor anode, or vapor-fed, liquid anode) is designed, the AMTEC has exhibited many advantages over conventional forms of electric generation, such as high efficiency [16], high density (up to 0.5 kW/kg) [2,3,7], requiring very little or no external intervention once the system starts functioning, competitive manufacturing costs, and compatible with many heat and fuel sources, including radioisotope, concentrated solar, external combustion, or nuclear reactor. These features make it an attractive technology for space, aerospace, military, and domestic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Xiao

Cao

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) is one of the most promising technologies for direct conversion of thermal energy to electricity and has been receiving attention in the field of energy conversion and utilization in the past several decades. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the research and development of the AMTEC, including its working principles and types, historical development and applications, analytical models, working fluids, electrode materials, as well as the performance and efficiency improvement. The current two major problems encountered by the AMTEC, the time-dependent power degradation and relatively low efficiency compared to its theoretical value, are discussed in depth. In addition, a brief comparison of the AMTEC with other direct thermal to electric converters (DTECs), such as the thermoelectrics converter (TEC), thermionics converter, and thermophotovoltaics converter, is given, and combinations of different DTECs to further improve DTECs' power generation and overall conversion efficiency are demonstrated. Future research and development directions and the issues that need to be further investigated are also suggested. It is believed that this comprehensive review will be beneficial to the design, simulation, analysis, performance assessment, and applications of various types of AMTECs.

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“…In some CSP applications, the thermal energy collected by the solar receiver must be transferred to a direct thermal-to-electricity energy conversion device such as a Stirling engine or alkali-metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC), which may have to be located a certain distance apart from the receiver, depending on the design of the specific system [1,2]. Such thermal transport systems typically require a small temperature drop, a high heat flux, operational reliability, and the least possible amount of power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on a Sodium Loop-type Heat Pipe for Thermal Transport from a High-temperature Solar Receiver

2015

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A loop-type heat pipe was fabricated and tested to transport high-temperature thermal energy from a solar receiver in a CSP application. The purpose of the heat pipe in this study was to transport an 800-W thermal load at 1000 K to a specific energy conversion device 0.5 m in distance from the solar receiver. The container wall and transport lines of the loop-type heat pipe were made of stainless steel 304, and the working fluid was sodium. The evaporator and condenser were disk-type containers with diameters of 122 and 216 mm, respectively, though both had a height of 20 mm. The diameters of the vapor and liquid lines were 12.7 and 9.53 mm, respectively. The total length of the loop was approximately 1.4 m. A pillar structure with a diameter of 43 mm and height of 114 mm was installed in the center region of the condenser to interface with an AMTEC device that had a unique geometry. It was desired that the upper surface of the condenser as well as the whole outer surface of the pillar would have temperatures as close as possible during heat discharge. As one of the unique features in this study, the liquid line was located close to the vapor line for a preheating effect to reduce the frozen-startup time. The influence of the fill charge ratio of the working fluid as well as operating conditions such as the thermal load and the cooling condition in the condenser were analyzed with respect to the performance indices of the heat pipe, including the effective thermal conductance, the thermal resistance, and the maximum temperature difference. The optimum fill charge ratio of the heat pipe was 32% based on the evaporator volume.

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AMTEC: current status and vision

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

First-Principle Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic System

First-Principle Study of the Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic System

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

An Experimental Study on a Sodium Loop-type Heat Pipe for Thermal Transport from a High-temperature Solar Receiver

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