AMTEC powered residential furnace and auxiliary power

Ivanenok, Joseph F.; Sievers, R.K.

doi:10.1109/iecec.1996.553816

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These aspects are interrelated and may be dealt with, respectively, by four submodels: flow model, thermal model, electrochemical model, and electric circuit model. Only a few investigators have attempted to establish a flow model to calculate the vapor pressure losses, owing to the complexity of the cell geometry and the fact that the vapor flow is in the transition or the free-molecular regime [23][24][25][26]. Schock et al [27,28] and Hendricks et al [29] developed complex thermal, electrical, and vapor flow models of vapor anode multi-tube AMTEC cells.…”

Section: Analytical Model Of Amtecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Xiao

Cao

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe alkali metal thermal to electric converter (AMTEC) is one of the most promising technologies for direct conversion of thermal energy to electricity and has been receiving attention in the field of energy conversion and utilization in the past several decades. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the research and development of the AMTEC, including its working principles and types, historical development and applications, analytical models, working fluids, electrode materials, as well as the performance and efficiency improvement. The current two major problems encountered by the AMTEC, the time-dependent power degradation and relatively low efficiency compared to its theoretical value, are discussed in depth. In addition, a brief comparison of the AMTEC with other direct thermal to electric converters (DTECs), such as the thermoelectrics converter (TEC), thermionics converter, and thermophotovoltaics converter, is given, and combinations of different DTECs to further improve DTECs' power generation and overall conversion efficiency are demonstrated. Future research and development directions and the issues that need to be further investigated are also suggested. It is believed that this comprehensive review will be beneficial to the design, simulation, analysis, performance assessment, and applications of various types of AMTECs.

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Section: Analytical Model Of Amtecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on advances in alkali metal thermal to electric converters (AMTECs)

Xiao

Cao

2009

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…As part of this program, a detailed model of vaporanode multitube cells is being developed. Ivanenok and Sievers (1996) have developed a vapor-anode multitube AMTEC cell model by coupling a one-node electrical model with a slipflow vapor pressure loss model (Ivanenok et al 1994), and a 20-node thermal model of the cell. The thermal model accounted for both radiation and conduction in the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a multitube vapor-anode AMTEC cell

Tournier

El‐Genk²,

Huang³

et al. 1997

IECEC-97 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (Cat. No.97CH6203)

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A detailed AMTEC Performance and Evaluation Analysis Model (APEAM) was developed to predict the performance of next-generation Pluto Express vapor-anode multitube cells. APEAM incorporates an axial electrochemical model, which accounts for the effects of non-uniform axial temperature and vapor pressure profiles along the BASE tubes; a detailed vapor pressure loss model, which includes free-molecular, transition, and continuum flow regimes; and a comprehensive radiationiconduction model, which incorporates the effects of circumferential thermal shields above the BASE tubes and conduction studs between the hot end of the cell and the tubes support plate. Model results compared well with measured electrical power and experimental I-V characteristics of the PX-2C cell, recently tested at Phillips Laboratory. The cell peak electric power of 4.4 We occurred at an external load resistance of 3.0 R. At higher load resistance (or lower load demand), the PX-2C cell was load-following. Results also showed that the vapor flow on the low-pressure side of PX-2C was in the transition regime. The evaporator wick provided the sodium flow rate (8 g/hour) necessary to operate the cell at an evaporator temperature of about 950 K. The model predicted that using a molybdenum thermal shield on the inside of the cell wall, near the condenser, would increase the cell electric power and conversion efficiency by -23%.

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