AMVchain: authority management mechanism on blockchain-based voting systems

Abstract

As blockchain technology booms, modern electronic voting system leverages blockchain as underlying storage model to make the voting process more transparent, and guarantee immutability of data. However, the transparent characteristic may disclose sensitive information of candidate for all system users have the same right to their information. Besides that, the pseudo-anonymity of blockchain will lead to the disclosure of voters’ privacy and the third-parties such as registration institutions involved in voting process also have possibility of tampering data. To overcome these difficulties, we apply authority management mechanism into blockchain-based voting systems. In this paper, we put forward AMVchain, a fully decentralized and efficient blockchain-based voting system. AMVchain has a three-layer access control architecture, and on each layer, smart contracts are responsible for validation and granting permissions. Linkable ring signature is adopted in the process of voting to protect ballot-privacy. AMVchain also makes a tradeoff between efficiency and concurrency by introducing proxy nodes. The experiments results show that our system meets the basic requirements under the high concurrent users circumstance.

Implementing Blockchain-Based Traceable Certificates as Sustainable Technology in Democratic Elections

“…Before studying the working of Blockchain technology in electronic voting, it is important to know the vulnerabilities in today's election in detail. Several parameters may influence any e-voting processes that are as follows [23,24]:…”

Improving the End to End Protection in E-voting using BVM - Blockchain based e-Voting Mechanism

“…𝑉𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 = {𝐶 𝑁𝑎𝑚𝑒 , 𝑇𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑛, 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒} (30) 𝑉𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔_𝐻𝑎𝑠ℎ = 𝐻𝐴𝑆𝐻(𝑉𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡) = 𝐻𝐴𝑆𝐻(𝐶 𝑁𝑎𝑚𝑒 + 𝑇𝑜𝑘𝑒𝑛 + 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒) (31) 𝑉𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔_𝐻𝑎𝑠ℎ`= 𝐸 𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑗 (𝑉𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔_𝐻𝑎𝑠ℎ) (32)…”

“…Among the most significant flaws of such mechanisms are the deficiency of transparency and clarity, prominent to diminished trust, the absence of universally recognized standards, the persistent threat of fraud and influence, and the enhanced financial burdens on voting setup. However, blockchain technology [27,30,31] emerges as a promising solution to address these issues. Some of blockchain's fundamental attributes is its capacity to establish a stage for public information verification, thus presenting an opportunity to develop an e-voting mechanism that can be examined by everyday voters rather than relying solely on committed organizations and representatives.…”

An efficient blockchain‐based privacy‐preserving scheme with attribute and homomorphic encryption

“…In the study of certificate encryption, we have proposed a certificateless blockchain‐oriented cryptographic mechanism that not only improves the security of certificateless encryption but also reduces the storage overhead, but the computational overhead brought by the introduction of blockchain to the certificateless encryption mechanism needs to be further optimized 17 . In terms of ring signature, Li et al 18 applied permission management mechanisms and linkable‐for‐signature to blockchain voting modules, which can protect block data privacy during the voting phase, but the introduction of proxy nodes in this scheme increases the centralization of the system, and its resistance to attack needs to be improved. In the study of zero‐knowledge proof, Yang and Wenjie 19 proposed an identity management method based on zero‐knowledge proof for blockchain, which used off‐chain calculations and verification on the blockchain to separate user entity attributes from public ledger attributes and ensure that the user's identity cannot be linked, but the redundancy and long computation time of this scheme need further optimization.…”