M esiotemporal structures including hippocampus and amygdala have been implicated in the pathophysiology of BD by converging evidence from structural, 1 functional neuroimaging, 2 neuropathological, 3 and neurocognitive 4 studies. Structural neuroimaging findings regarding the amygdala are markedly heterogeneous, with findings of decreased, 5-8 unchanged, 9-13 as well as increased 14-18 amygdala volumes in patients with BD relative to control subjects. Similarly, the literature regarding hippocampal volumes is inconsistent with most studies reporting lack of hippocampal volume changes, 7,14-16 but also with findings of decreased 10 as well as increased 5,19 hippocampal volumes in patients with BD. These discrepancies likely reflect clinical and treatment heterogeneity. 20,21