Amylase, Isoamylase and Macroamylase

Goldberg, D.M.; Spooner, R J

doi:10.1159/000197696

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, we should stress that enhanced activity of this enzyme is often found in a wide variety of diseases involving intestines, genitouri nary tract and lung [3]. How can these find ings be explained?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Activity of Leukocytic Alpha-Amylase in Acute Pancreatitis

Zakrzewska¹,

Prokopowicz²

1982

Digestion

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The alpha-amylase activity has been determined in the leukocytes of patients with acute pancreatitis and of a control group. The leukocyte alpha-amylase activity was calculated in units per milligram protein. The activity of alpha-amylase in the leukocytes of patients with acute pancreatitis was threefold higher in comparison to the activity of this enzyme in leukocytes of the control group. We therefore suggest that alpha-amylase activity in the leukocytes may at least in part be responsible for the enhancement of total activity of alpha-amylase in plasma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Activity of Leukocytic Alpha-Amylase in Acute Pancreatitis

Zakrzewska¹,

Prokopowicz²

1982

Digestion

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“…7,8 These large complexes prevent the filtration of amylase, and, consequently, the amylase persists in the blood. Less than 20% of the canine serum amylase activity in this study was macroamylase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In both species, the kidney is believed to be an important excretory route for amylase. 11,28 In man, the measurement of urinary amylase activity and amylase clearance in relation to creatinine can have diagnostic importance.I5 The renal clearance rate of amylase in the dog is reported to be similar to the rate in man."…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Disposition of Amylase, Lipase, and Lysozyme in the Dog

Jacobs

1988

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Normal adult dogs were given intravenously lysine hydrochloride to abolish renal tubular reabsorption. The treatment caused tubular proteinuria. Once forced diuresis was established, fractional clearances for amylase, lipase, and lysozyme increased five-, 18-, and 857-fold over the baseline values, respectively. There was relatively little tubular reabsorption of amylase, and urinary amylase activity remained low. A renal arteriovenous difference in amylase activity was not present. Urinary amylase activity could not be reactivated by the addition of serum or treatment with dithiothreitol. Urinary inhibitors of amylase activity were not detected. Immunoreactive urinary amylase did not exceed kinetically measured urinary amylase. Therefore, the presence of irreversibly inactivated amylase did not explain the low fractional clearance of amylase. A small amount of serum macroamylase was present, but macroamylasemia did not account for canine amylase failing to pass the glomerular filter. It appears that the renal loss of amylase in the dog is not an important excretory route.Canine a-amylase has a molecular weight of 54 kilod a l t o n~,~ which is similar to human a-amylase.8 In both species, the kidney is believed to be an important excretory route for amylase.11,28 In man, the measurement of urinary amylase activity and amylase clearance in relation to creatinine can have diagnostic importance.I5 The renal clearance rate of amylase in the dog is reported to be similar to the rate in man." Dogs have greater than twice the serum amylase activity compared with man, yet they have normally little or undetectable urinary amylase activity. Even with greatly increased serum amylase activity resulting from experimentally induced pancreatitis or infusion of supernates of pancreatic homogenates, the urinary loss of amylase appears minimal in d o g~.~,~,~J~,~~ It has been hypothesized that canine amylase is inactivated in the glomerular filtrate by unknown mechanisms or is reabsorbed by tubular epithelial cells.L1 Metabolic inhibitors of canine renal tubular epithelial cells increased the amylase to creatinine clearance ratio, suggesting that tubular cells normally reabsorbed amylase activity; however, the influence on the ratio of decreased creatinine secretion by the metabolically inhibited tubular epithelial cells was not ~0nsidered.I~ The low concentrations of urinary calcium and protein may cause urinary amylase activity to be lower than anticipated, since both are needed for optimal activity,12,23 although urinary amylase activity does not appear to be inhibited in man in such a manner. Changes to essential sulfhydryl groups in the amylase molecule also may result in enzyme inactivation, as reported for human amy1a~e.I~ It is possible that canine urine may contain inhibitors of amylase activity, but early data based on a saccharogenic technique for measuring amylase activity do not support this hypothesis.15 In man, approximately 45% of filtered amylaseZ8 and almost all lipase19 are reabsorbed by renal tubula...

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“…There is no evidence that specific clinical features are necessarily related to macroamylasemia (8). Therefore, it would be of great value to find simple laboratory parameters indicating this condition reliably.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Macroamylasemia and the Diagnostic Value of the Amylase to Creatinine Clearance Ratio in Patients with Elevated Serum Amylase Activity

Dürr

Bindrich

1977

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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190 patients with elevated serum amylase levels were tested for macroamylasemia and the amylase to creatinine clearance ratio. Macroamylasemia was found in 3 patients. In these patients macroamylasemia persisted after the total activity of serum amylase had fallen to nearly normal levels. The Cam/Ccr-ratios were determined 14 times in the 3 macroamylasemic patients. Only one of the 14 values was clearly less than 1%. Cam/Ccr-ratios above 4% were found in 83 patients. In 56 of them the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis could not be confirmed. 19 out of 46 patients with the established diagnosis of acute pancreatitis had Cam/Ccr-ratios below 4%. Cam/Ccr-ratios below 1% were also found in patients without macroamylasemia. It is concluded that high and low Cam/Ccr-ratios are not specific for acute pancreatitis and macroamylasemia, respectively, and--moreover--that a normal Cam/Ccr-ratio excludes neither acute pancreatitis nor macroamylesemia.

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Amylase, Isoamylase and Macroamylase

Cited by 14 publications

References 69 publications

Activity of Leukocytic Alpha-Amylase in Acute Pancreatitis

Activity of Leukocytic Alpha-Amylase in Acute Pancreatitis

Renal Disposition of Amylase, Lipase, and Lysozyme in the Dog

The Frequency of Macroamylasemia and the Diagnostic Value of the Amylase to Creatinine Clearance Ratio in Patients with Elevated Serum Amylase Activity

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