Amylin and Secretases in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Singh, Som; Yang, Felix; Sivils, Andy; Cegielski, Victoria; Chu, Xiang‐Ping

doi:10.3390/biom12070996

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…[ 13 ] Faced with data that calls the Amyloid hypothesis into question, researchers have reconsidered the role of amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide, in the pathophysiology of AD. [ 14 ] Human amylin was discovered in the pancreas, where it is released alongside insulin by pancreatic B cells. [ 15 ] According to endocrinology studies, Amylin levels are higher than usual in the early stages of Type II diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Zoster virus infection and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Elhalag,

Motawea,

Talat

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Background: Herpes Zoster, commonly known as shingles, is a viral infection that affects a significant portion of the adult population; however, its potential role in the onset or progression of neurodegenerative disorders like dementia remains unclear. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Web of Science. We included any randomized control trials and controlled observational studies as Cross-sectional, prospective, or retrospective cohort and case-control studies that investigated the prevalence of dementia in Herpes Zoster Virus (HZV)-infected patients and HZV-free control group or if the study investigated the prevalence of HZV in demented patients. Also, if the studies measured the levels of dementia biomarkers in patients with HZV compared with a healthy control group. Results: After the complete screening, 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the outcome of the incidence of HZV, the pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the dementia group and the No dementia group (RR = 1.04% CI = 0.86–1.25, P = .70). In the outcome of incidences of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, the pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the HZV group and the incidence of dementia (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.92–1.08, P = .89), (RR = 3.74, 95% CI = 0.22–62.70, P = .36) respectively. In the outcome of incidences of Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), the generic inverse variance showed a statistically significant association between patients who have HZO and increased incidence of dementia (RR = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.30–30.19, P = .02). Conclusion: Our study showed no significant association between HZV and the incidence of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, but it shows a significant association between HZO and the incidence of dementia. More multicenter studies are needed to establish the actual association between the HZV and dementia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Zoster virus infection and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Elhalag,

Motawea,

Talat

et al. 2023

Medicine

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“…In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), H 2 S has been shown to modulate the activity of enzymes involved in amyloid-beta (Aβ) production and tau protein phosphorylation, critical processes in AD pathogenesis [ 54 , 95 ]. Specifically, H 2 S can promote the production of Aβ through its influence on the enzyme beta-secretase (BACE1) and the gamma-secretase complex [ 96 , 97 ]. Additionally, H 2 S has been shown to induce tau phosphorylation, leading to the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau into neurofibrillary tangles [ 98 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Dogaru

Munteanu

2023

IJMS

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This review explores the emerging role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in modulating epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence has begun to elucidate the multifaceted ways in which H2S influences the epigenetic landscape and, subsequently, the progression of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. H2S can modulate key components of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, impacting gene expression and cellular functions relevant to neuronal survival, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity. We synthesize recent research that positions H2S as an essential player within this intricate network, with the potential to open new therapeutic avenues for these currently incurable conditions. Despite significant progress, there remains a considerable gap in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms and the potential therapeutic implications of modulating H2S levels or its downstream targets. We conclude by identifying future directions for research aimed at exploiting the therapeutic potential of H2S in neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…Despite all the controversies regarding the biological agent aducanumab, there are some studies that demonstrate that it would have some clinical benefits by targeting the primary downstream anti-Aβ with direct upstream anti-tau repercussions, so that cognitive impairment is delayed [ 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Pharmaceutical Formulations and Nanomedicin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation in Alzheimer’s Disease—A Complementary Method to State-of-the-Art Pharmaceutical Formulations and Nanomedicine?

Ailioaie

Litscher

2023

Pharmaceutics

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, usually develops slowly but gradually worsens. It accounts for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide, and is recognized by WHO as a public health priority. Being a multifactorial disease, the origins of AD are not satisfactorily understood. Despite huge medical expenditures and attempts to discover new pharmaceuticals or nanomedicines in recent years, there is no cure for AD and not many successful treatments are available. The current review supports introspection on the latest scientific results from the specialized literature regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of brain photobiomodulation, as a complementary method with implications in AD. State-of-the-art pharmaceutical formulations, development of new nanoscale materials, bionanoformulations in current applications and perspectives in AD are highlighted. Another goal of this review was to discover and to speed transition to completely new paradigms for the multi-target management of AD, to facilitate brain remodeling through new therapeutic models and high-tech medical applications with light or lasers in the integrative nanomedicine of the future. In conclusion, new insights from this interdisciplinary approach, including the latest results from photobiomodulation (PBM) applied in human clinical trials, combined with the latest nanoscale drug delivery systems to easily overcome protective brain barriers, could open new avenues to rejuvenate our central nervous system, the most fascinating and complex organ. Picosecond transcranial laser stimulation could be successfully used to cross the blood-brain barrier together with the latest nanotechnologies, nanomedicines and drug delivery systems in AD therapy. Original, smart and targeted multifunctional solutions and new nanodrugs may soon be developed to treat AD.

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Amylin and Secretases in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 5 publications

References 197 publications

Herpes Zoster virus infection and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Herpes Zoster virus infection and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) in Epigenetic Regulation of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Photobiomodulation in Alzheimer’s Disease—A Complementary Method to State-of-the-Art Pharmaceutical Formulations and Nanomedicine?

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