Amylin, bariatric surgery, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Is it real of lower incidence of vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients?

“…2 We congratulate the success of their publication, since T2DM is a complex metabolic disease characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, leading to the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications, and exerts a major public-health toll worldwide. 3 However, some of their findings may be worthy of further clarification.…”

To do one and to get more: Part I. Diabetes and bone

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM), including type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM), is a common but complex disease, associated with lots of comorbidities and a leading cause of mortality. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Risk factors associated with developing DM, especially T2DM accounting for >90% of all cases of DM worldwide, include elderly population, [9][10][11] family history (multiple genes), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] overweight, 3,4,[17][18][19][20][21] obesity, 3,4,[17][18][19][20][21] pregnancy, such as the development of gestational DM, [21][22][23][24] dietary (calories intake, fibers, essential micronutrition, and mineral elements), [25][26][27][28][29] lifestyle factors (exercise, rest, and others), 3,4,[30][31][32]<...…”

“…[21][22][23][24]27,28,[30][31][32]36 The major strength of lifestyle modification is based on its safety and potential effectiveness, which are considered as overt benefits to harms. [37][38][39] However, DM patients have a tendency to lower total adherence to healthy eating patterns or poorer consumption of major food groups (grains, fruits, vegetables, proteins, seeds, nuts, and dairy) 17,18,30,31 ; therefore, many DM patients still need further pharmacologic agent therapy (antidiabetic agents [ADAs], glucose-lowering drugs) to overcome the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of DM, such as inadequate and inappropriate secretion of insulin, defect and deficiency of insulin receptor, and malfunction about interaction of insulin and insulin receptor. 9,10,[40][41][42] Since pharmacological therapy is not avoidable, physicians should be familiar with different pharmacologic options to target DM, since as shown above and below, DM is frequently associated with major morbidities or concomitant comorbidities.…”

To Do One and To Get More: Part II. Diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases

“…[31][32][33] In fact, all aforementioned strategies are essential and critical, although some recommendations favoring strategies step by step are proposed. 34,35 However, sometimes, to obtain the optimal sugar control, monotherapy or in a combination of others is needed. The similar proposal is also suitable for many chronic illnesses, including cancer, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, etc.…”