“…Historically, it is the most common type of amyloidosis and was usually attributed to chronic infections including tuberculosis, but the advent and accessibility of effective antimicrobial therapy have resulted in shifting demographics, especially in developed countries [15,16]. In the USA, autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease are the most common causes of those with known etiologies, though other causes including hereditary cases such as Familial Mediterranean fever can also be seen [16][17][18][19]. As in this index case, there are a growing number of amyloidosis cases among younger patients with a history of intravenous drug use [20,21].…”