Amylopectin Partially Substituted by Cellulose in the Hindgut Was Beneficial to Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production and Probiotic Colonization

Abstract

A high-starch (mainly amylopectin) diet is usually accompanied by the fermentation of undigested amylopectin in the hindgut of humans and pigs with low digestive capacity and might be detrimental to the intestinal microbiota. In this research, we investigated the fermentation characteristics of amylopectin through an in vitro fermentation method and used an ileal infusion pig model to verify the fermentation trial results and explore the microbiota regulatory effect.

Effects of Resistant Starch Infusion, Solely and Mixed with Xylan or Cellulose, on Gut Microbiota Composition in Ileum-Cannulated Pigs

“…However, in contrast to the RS group, the RC group did not exhibit a clearly dominant genus. The result of the LEfSe showed that Romboutsia and Olsenella were the discriminating genera which is inconsistent with our prior in vitro fermentation findings in our laboratory [ 16 ] but is partially in line with the outcomes of the sole infusion of digestible starch [ 17 ]. In addition to the distinctions between in vitro and in vivo conditions, as well as variations among individual subjects, it is possible that this outcome was attributed to the incomplete fermentation of cellulose.…”

“…Fecal samples from pigs of the RC group exhibited the highest community diversity relative to the other groups. This outcome supports the conclusions drawn from our prior experiment [ 17 ], which involved infusing the mixture of the same cellulose and digestible corn starch into growing pigs, revealing a significant increase in the Shannon index of fecal microbiota due to the inclusion of cellulose. The microbiota composition of the RC group exhibited a close resemblance to that of the RS and CON groups in the current experiment.…”

“…Cellulose and hemicellulose, specifically xylan, constitute significant portions of fermentable DF and exhibit notable structural disparities. Our prior investigations have explored the distinct fermentation profiles of xylan and cellulose through pigs and in vitro experiments, highlighting variations in their fermentation characteristics [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Utilizing a fiber-free basal diet for examining the fermentation metabolism of individual fiber components is advantageous.…”

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Small Intestinal Fermentation on Enhancement of Prebiotic Characteristics of Cellulose in the Large Intestine

“…Cellulose is the primary fiber in grains, vegetables, and fruits and is also an important macronutrient in human diets. The physiological benefits of cellulose in relieving constipation and reducing cholesterol in the blood have been reported. , Moreover, our previous study also confirmed the prebiotic functions of cellulose on gut microbiota, and cellulose could induce anti-inflammatory immunity and transcriptional programs by adjusting the microbiota . Cellulose is composed of long unbranched β-1,4-linked glucose polymers that are organized into highly crystalline fibers.…”

“…The enrichment of the Lachnospiraceae_N-K4A136_group in the large intestine, which responds to ileal infusion of cellulose as observed in our previous research, suggests its role as a fiber-degrading bacterium. 8,38 Dorea was also reported to be a high fiber-degrading bacterium. 39 Analyses from predicted microbial functions showed that the microbiome in the Cel-predigest-fermentation group exhibited a high capacity for other glycan degradation and galactose metabolism.…”