AMYOTROPHIC CEREBROSPINAL SYPHILIS<sup>1</sup>)

Vraa-Jensen, G

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1946.tb07312.x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It has been shown by others that in guinea pigs infected intracutaneously with graded amounts of tubercle bacilli, the intensity and duration of the skin lesions can serve as an index of the degree of attenuation of the strains injected (9,10). This was confirmed in the following experiment.…”

Section: S5 / I O 1 [ 3s L 61supporting

confidence: 58%

“…(b) Alteration of colonial morphology not accompanied by detectable changes of virulence (15,16). (c) Slight increase or decrease of virulence occurring during in ~tro cultivation and revealed by animal experiments or by observations in man (10); some authors regard changes of this sort merely as artifacts due to differences in the "vitality" of the culture caused by inadequate growth conditions (17)(18)(19). (d) Modification of antigenic properties resulting from prolonged cultivation in the various laboratories engaged in preparation of the vaccine (20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study an attempt has been made to minimize the difficulties involved in the comparison of cultures. This has been done by using identical conditions for the growth of the different cultures of BCG under study, and by infecting animals with bacterial suspensions of the same age containing the same number of living cells (within the limits in which these numbers can be determined) (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of BCG Strains (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)

Suter

Dubos

1951

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Three different cultures of BCG propagated for over 2 years in a liquid medium containing Tween 80 and albumin were found to differ in several of their intrinsic properties. Cultures of the three strains were found to consist of morphologically heterogeneous populations—each culture being made up of three main colonial types—spreading, intermediate, and non-spreading. The percentage distribution of colonial types was characteristic for each culture and remained constant during cultivation in liquid media. Injection of the various cultures into mice and guinea pigs resulted in a self-limited disease. The distribution, extent, and duration of the lesions were also characteristic for each culture. Both the spreading and non-spreading substrains derived from the various cultures exhibited the degree of attenuation of virulence characteristic of the parent strain.

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Section: S5 / I O 1 [ 3s L 61supporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability of BCG Strains (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)

Suter

Dubos

1951

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…During the original derivation between 1908 and 1921, RD1 was lost and concurrently Calmette described an attenuation of virulence for animals (22). Later, between 1927 and 193 1, RD2 was lost and various investigators reported decreased vaccine lesions in humans (23) and reduced virulence in animals (24). As a basis for speculation on the impact of RD14 in humans, one can compare descriptions from the vaccine trials using BCG-Pasteur before and after this deletion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics of BCG Vaccines by Whole-Genome DNA Microarray

Behr

Wilson

Gill

et al. 1999

Science

1,398

1,021

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Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines are live attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis administered to prevent tuberculosis. To better understand the differences between M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, and the various BCG daughter strains, their genomic compositions were studied by performing comparative hybridization experiments on a DNA microarray. Regions deleted from BCG vaccines relative to the virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv reference strain were confirmed by sequencing across the missing segment of the H37Rv genome. Eleven regions (encompassing 91 open reading frames) of H37Rv were found that were absent from one or more virulent strains of M. bovis. Five additional regions representing 38 open reading frames were present in M. bovis but absent from some or all BCG strains; this is evidence for the ongoing evolution of BCG strains since their original derivation. A precise understanding of the genetic differences between closely related Mycobacteria suggests rational approaches to the design of improved diagnostics and vaccines.

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