An 11 uW Sub-pJ/bit Reconfigurable Transceiver for mm-Sized Wireless Implants

Yakovlev, Anatoly; Jang, Ji Hoon; Pivonka, Daniel

doi:10.1109/tbcas.2014.2371031

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Such designs, however need to isolate the antenna from nearby tissues by isolating the implant inside a test-tube or by forgoing energy harvesting [33,54]. Prior work has also explored mechanisms to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of in-body backscatter [60] but also ignored the impact of surrounding tissues, which resulted in non-FCC compliant behavior. Our work directly advances this line of work and introduces resonance reconfigurability to enable embedding batteryless backscatter micro-implants directly in tissues.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reconfigurable micro-implants for cross-tissue wireless and batteryless connectivity

Abdelhamid

Chen

Cho

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of μmedIC, a fully-integrated wireless and batteryless micro-implanted sensor. The sensor powers up by harvesting energy from RF signals and communicates at near-zero power via backscatter. In contrast to prior designs which cannot operate across various in-body environments, our sensor can self-reconfigure to adapt to different tissues and channel conditions. This adaptation is made possible by two key innovations: a reprogrammable antenna that can tune its energy harvesting resonance to surrounding tissues, and a backscatter rate adaptation protocol that closes the feedback loop by tracking circuitlevel sensor hints. We built our design on millimeter-sized integrated chips and flexible antenna substrates, and tested it in environments that span both in-vitro (fluids) and ex-vivo (tissues) conditions. Our evaluation demonstrates μmedIC's ability to tune its energy harvesting resonance by more than 200 MHz (i.e., adapt to different tissues) and to scale its bitrate by an order of magnitude up to 6Mbps, allowing it to support higher data rate applications (such as streaming low-res images) without sacrificing availability. This rate adaptation also allows μmedIC to scale its energy consumption by an order of magnitude down to 350 nanoWatts. These capabilities pave way for a new generation of networked micro-implants that can adapt to complex and time-varying in-body environments. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Full-custom circuits; • Computer systems organization → Sensor networks; • Applied computing → Life and medical sciences;

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reconfigurable micro-implants for cross-tissue wireless and batteryless connectivity

Abdelhamid

Chen

Cho

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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“…Typically, the proposed CWM and QCWM schemes can be demodulated using an OOK demodulator ( Fig. 1) followed by an integrator circuit as used in ASK-PW demodulators [26]. The integrator is used to generate sawtooth waveforms whose amplitudes are proportional to the ON widths of the modulated signal.…”

Section: Circuits Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Generic Demodulator for High Data Transmission Rate Over an Inductive Link for Implantable Devices

et al. 2019

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In this paper, we present a new Carrier Width Modulation (CWM) scheme for simultaneous transfer of power and data over a single inductive link. An ultra-low power CWM demodulator is also proposed. Unlike conventional demodulators for a similar modulation scheme, the proposed CWM circuit allows higher-speed demodulation and simple implementation. It works well as a generic demodulator operating at a frequency range between 10 and 31 MHz. It also supports a wide range of data rates under any selected frequency from the operating range. A CWM-based scheme encoding two-bit-per-symbol, called Quad-level CWM (QCWM) is also proposed. The latter allows high data-rates-to-frequency ratios. Using a 0.13-µm CMOS process and 1.2 V power supply, both CWM and QCWM demodulators were implemented and fabricated. They respectively occupy die sizes of 2137 and 3256 µm 2 and dissipate, in worst conditions, 16.9 and 35.5 µW. Compared with state-of-the-art demodulators used for inductive forward data transmission, the proposed demodulators are distinctive given their low-energy efficiency and small silicon areas. INDEX TERMS Carrier width modulation, demodulator, downlink data transmission, inductive link.

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“…A.Yakovlev, J.Hoon et.al, [27] demonstrated a wirelessly powered transceiver design for implantable devices through a porcine heart tissue with the total power consumption of 10.7µW. The prototype consist of a rectifier, regulator, demodulator, modulator, controller and sensor interface.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%