An 18-Year Dataset on the Clinical Incidence and MICs to Antibiotics of Achromobacter spp. (Labeled Biochemically or by MAL-DI-TOF MS as A. xylosoxidans), Largely in Patient Groups Other than Those with CF

Abstract

Achromobacter spp. are intrinsically multidrug-resistant environmental microorganisms which are known to cause opportunistic, nosocomial, and sometimes chronic infections. The existing literature yields scarcely any larger datasets, especially with regard to the incidence in patient groups other than those with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to fill this gap. We present a retrospective analysis of 314 clinical and 130 screening isolates detected in our diagnostic unit between 2004 and 2021, combined with patients’ demographic and clinical information (ward type and length of hospitalization), and the results of routine diagnostic antibiotic MIC determination. We found the apparent increase in prevalence in our diagnostic unit, in which cystic fibrosis patients are an underrepresented group, in large part to be attributable to an overall increase in the number of samples and, more importantly, changes in the diagnostic setting, such as the introduction of rigorous screening for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens. We found these Achromobacter spp. to be most commonly detected in urine, stool, wounds and airway samples, and found the resistance rates to vary strongly between different sample types. Intestinal carriage is frequently not investigated, and its frequency is likely underestimated. Isolates resistant to meropenem can hardly be treated.

Examining Different Analysis Protocols Targeting Hospital Sanitary Facility Microbiomes

“…However, it is also possible that the lack of a rich, diverse microbiome may negatively impact patient outcomes. Without a diverse microbial community, pathogens that would otherwise be displaced could thrive [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Retrospective analysis of Achromobacter species isolated from cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients

“…Achromobacter türleri immünokompetan hastalarda daha hafif klinik seyir gösterirken, immün yetmezlikli hastalarda yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olmakta ve KF hastalarını enfekte etmeleri durumunda akciğer fonksiyonlarında bozulma ve daha sık pulmoner alevlenme saptanmaktadır (5,11,13,18) . KF dışı hastalardaki Achromobacter yayınları, genellikle altta yatan hastalıkları olan hasta gruplarına ve nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlara yöneliktir (1,12,14) . Marion-Sanchez ve ark.…”

“…Neidhöfer ve ark. (14) 2004-2021 yılları arasında 314 klinik örnekle yaptıkları çalışmada, Achromobacter türlerini en çok idrar, dışkı, yara ve solunum yolu örneklerinden izole etmişlerdir; antibiyotik direnç oranlarının farklı örnek türlerinde büyük ölçüde değişiklik gösterdiğini bulmuşlardır ve meropeneme dirençli izolatların zor tedavi edildiği sonucuna ulaşmışlardır. Marion-Sanchez ve ark.…”

“…Achromobacter türleri hakkındaki çalışmalar çoğunlukla küçük seriler veya tek olgu raporları ile sınırlıdır; bu bakteri hakkında daha fazla bilgiye ve araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır (11,12,14,16,18) . Bu çalışmada, Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde son beş yıl içinde izole edilen Achromobacter türleri ile ilgili veriler retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiş ve hastalara ait demografik özellikler ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık paternleri irdelenerek literatür bulguları ile karşılaştırılmıştır.…”

The In Vitro Replication Cycle of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Identification of Virulence Genes Associated with Cytotoxicity in Macrophages

“…Members of the Achromobacter genus are Gram-negative bacilli ( 1 ) that can be found widely distributed in nature and are recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens ( 2 ). Although potentially causing a variety of infections, Achromobacter spp.…”