An A.C. linear parametric behavioral model of a nonlinear BAW resonator

High nonlinearities in Langevin transducer: A comprehensive model

“…For linear case, term E eq ðtÞ ¼ 2a Á TðtÞ Á PðtÞ may be estimated from solving Eq. (21). When driving the system at angular frequency x 0 , we obtain…”

“…These effects have been observed in a variety of applications [15][16][17][18] and were the subject of a quantification attempt through the establishment of a dependence of equivalent electric components on the strain level [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The previously mentioned work lacks in predictive capability since it is only an identification tool for material comparison.…”

Modeling energy losses in power ultrasound transducers

“…These effects have been observed in a variety of applications (Aurelle et al, 1995;Chong et al, 2004;Meyer et al, 2008;Nosek et al, 2008) and were the subject of a quantification attempt through the establishment of a dependence of equivalent electric components on the strain level (Albareda et al, 2000(Albareda et al, , 2007Blacknurn and Cain, 2007;Nitescu et al, 2007Nitescu et al, , 2008Perez and Albareda, 2004;Priya and Viehland, 2001). Several phenomena appear, e.g., resonant frequency shifts (and the associated dependence of the effective pseudolinear constants on the excitation level) and jump phenomena (which may be seen as mechanical instabilities).…”

Stacked crystal resonator: A highly linear BAW device

“…Several models have been reported to characterize the nonlinearity of BAW resonators and to give an inside view of the resonator [5][6][7][8][9][10]. We use the model after Cho et al [6], since it is a full nonlinear expansion of the Mason model.…”