An Abnormal Growth Mutant in Maize Has a Defective Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Gene

Newton, Kathleen J.; Knudsen, C.; Gabay-Laughnan, S.; Laughnan, John R.

doi:10.2307/3868923

Cited by 36 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The NCS mutations of maize, which involve alterations in mtDNA, are recovered at higher frequency in specific nuclear genetic backgrounds (Newton and Coe, 1986). The NCS5 mutation of maize has been shown to be associated with a recombination event that deletes part of the gene encoding subunit 2 of cytochrome oxidase (Newton et al, 1990), whereas the NCS3 mutation corresponds to the deletion of two mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes (Hunt and Newton, 1991). The nuclear genetic background has also been implicated in the frequency of reversion of the S male sterile cytoplasm (CMS-S) to fertile cytoplasm through mitochondrial rearrangements (Laughnan and GabayLaughnan, 1983;Escote-Carlson et ai., 1990).…”

Section: Mutations At the Chm Locus Promote Rearrangements In The Mitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutations at the Arabidopsis CHM locus promote rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome.

et al. 1992

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Nuclear recessive mutations at the chloroplast mutator (CHM) locus of Arabidopsis produce a variegated phenotype that is inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion. Molecular analysis of the cytoplasmic genomes of variegated plants from two independent chm mutant tines, using specific chloroplast and mitochondrial probes, showed that the chm mutations reproducibly induce the appearance of specific new restriction fragments in the mitochondrial genome. The presence of these restriction fragments cosegregated with the variegated phenotype in the progeny of crosses between mutant and wild-type plants. Sequence analysis of one of the new restriction fragments found in the variegated plants suggested that it was the product of a rearrangement event involving regions of the mitochondrial genome. Thus, it appears that the CHM locus may encode a protein involved in the control of specific mitochondrial DNA reorganization events.

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Section: Mutations At the Chm Locus Promote Rearrangements In The Mitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the nonchromosomal stripe (NCS) mutants of maize, the mitochondrial mutations result in a variegated (striped) phenotype (Newton and Coe, 1986;Newton et al, 1990;Hunt and Newton, 1991). It appears that the mitochondrial mutation exerts a deleterious pleiotropic effect on chloroplast structure and function (Roussell et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutations at the Arabidopsis CHM locus promote rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome.

et al. 1992

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“…NCS2 plants have a truncated nad4 gene and lack a fully assembled respiratory complex I (CI) in the mutant mitochondria (Marienfeld and Newton, 1994;Karpova and Newton, 1999). NCS5 and NCS6 plants carry different deletions of the 5 Ј end of the cox2 gene, which encodes a subunit of respiratory complex IV (CIV; cytochrome oxidase) (Lauer et al, 1990;Newton et al, 1990). NCS3 and NCS4 are two different deletions of the mitochondrial gene encoding the RPS3 ribosomal protein and are associated with very reduced levels of mitochondrial protein synthesis (Hunt and Newton, 1991;Newton et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Alternative Oxidase Genes in Maize Mitochondrial Mutants

et al. 2002

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We have examined the expression of three alternative oxidase ( aox ) genes in two types of maize mitochondrial mutants. Nonchromosomal stripe (NCS) mutants carry mitochondrial DNA deletions that affect subunits of respiratory complexes and show constitutively defective growth. Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) mutants have mitochondrial DNA rearrangements, but they are impaired for mitochondrial function only during anther development. In contrast to normal plants, which have very low levels of AOX, NCS mutants exhibit high expression of aox genes in all nonphotosynthetic tissues tested. The expression pattern is specific for each type of mitochondrial lesion: the NADH dehydrogenase-defective NCS2 mutant has high expression of aox2 , whereas the cytochrome oxidase-defective NCS6 mutant predominantly expresses aox3 . Similarly, aox2 and aox3 can be induced differentially in normal maize seedlings by specific inhibitors of these two respiratory complexes. Translation-defective NCS4 plants show induction of both aox2 and aox3 . AOX2 and AOX3 proteins differ in their ability to be regulated by reversible dimerization. CMS mutants show relatively high levels of aox2 mRNAs in young tassels but none in ear shoots. Significant expression of aox1 is detected only in NCS and CMS tassels. The induction pattern of maize aox genes could serve as a selective marker for diverse mitochondrial defects.

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“…Certain mutants of maize, designated nonchromosomal stripe (NCS), feature poor growth, decreased yield, pale striping of leaves, and strict maternal inheritance (Coe, 1983;Newton et al, 1989). The mutations correspond to deletions in mitochondrial genes encoding subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase or subunits 4 and 7 of complex I (Lauer et al, 1990;Newton et al, 1990;Marienfeld and Newton, 1994). All NCS mutants are heteroplasmic and still contain at least 50% of nonmutated mitochondrial DNA copies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Dark Respiration and Reduction of Phototrophic Growth in a Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Mutant of Chlamydomonas Lacking cob, nd4, and the 3′ End of nd5

Duby

Matagne

1999

Plant Cell

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We describe here a new type of mitochondrial mutation ( dum24 ; for dark uniparental minus inheritance) of the unicellular photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . The mutant fails to grow under heterotrophic conditions and displays reduced growth under both photoautotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. In reciprocal crosses between mutant and wild-type cells, the meiotic progeny only inherit the phenotype of the mating-type minus parent, indicating that the dum24 mutation exclusively affects the mitochondrial genome. Digestion with various restriction enzymes followed by DNA gel blot hybridizations with specific probes demonstrated that dum24 cells contain four types of altered mitochondrial genomes: deleted monomers lacking cob , nd4 , and the 3 Ј end of the nd5 gene; deleted monomers deprived of cob , nd4 , nd5 , and the 5 Ј end of the cox1 coding sequence; and two types of dimers produced by end-to-end fusions between monomers similarly or differently deleted. Due to these mitochondrial DNA alterations, complex I activity, the cytochrome pathway of respiration, and presumably, the three phosphorylation sites associated with these enzyme activities are lacking in the mutant. The low respiratory rate of the dum24 cells results from the activities of rotenoneresistant NADH dehydrogenase, complex II, and alternative oxidase, with none of these enzymes being coupled to ATP production. To our knowledge, this type of mitochondrial mutation has never been described for photosynthetic organisms or more generally for obligate aerobes.

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An Abnormal Growth Mutant in Maize Has a Defective Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Gene

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Mutations at the Arabidopsis CHM locus promote rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome.

Mutations at the Arabidopsis CHM locus promote rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome.

Differential Expression of Alternative Oxidase Genes in Maize Mitochondrial Mutants

Alteration of Dark Respiration and Reduction of Phototrophic Growth in a Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Mutant of Chlamydomonas Lacking cob, nd4, and the 3′ End of nd5

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