2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12341.x
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An absorption origin for the soft excess in Seyfert 1 active galactic nuclei

Abstract: The soft excess seen in the X‐ray spectra of many active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be well modelled by reflection from a partially ionized accretion disc. However, this often requires extreme parameters, both in terms of the underlying space–time and the reflection geometry, and requires that the disc is far from hydrostatic equilibrium. An alternative model uses similarly partially ionized, velocity smeared material but from an accretion disc wind seen in absorption. We explicitly compare these two models for… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(103 citation statements)
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“…See again Fig. A (Crummy et al 2006;Middleton et al 2007) cannot be used in our case given the data quality, and in any case, they are indistinguishable in the EPIC-covered energy range. In some cases, the need for a black body component instead of a more physically motivated model, could be just due to the data quality.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…See again Fig. A (Crummy et al 2006;Middleton et al 2007) cannot be used in our case given the data quality, and in any case, they are indistinguishable in the EPIC-covered energy range. In some cases, the need for a black body component instead of a more physically motivated model, could be just due to the data quality.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…reflection from a partially ionized accretion disk (Crummy et al 2006) or from velocity-smeared absorption from partially ionized material coming from a disk wind (Middleton et al 2007), although they are indistinguishable at the EPIC energies.…”
Section: /16mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In general, there is a variety in the complexity of the soft excess in AGN, and there is still much debate as to its origin (e.g. see Middleton, Done & Gierliński 2007, Sobolewska & Done 2007. Although the soft part of the model ionised disc-reflection spectrum of the blurred reflection model can sometimes account for the soft excess, there are cases when it cannot.…”
Section: Modeling the Fe Kα Line And Reflection Continuummentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Discriminating among these models through X-ray spectral fitting alone is difficult, even in high signal to noise spectra. In many cases, models with drastically different underlying physical assumptions can provide an acceptable fit (e.g., Middleton et al 2007;Crummy et al 2006). For instance, in the case of the well known nearby Seyfert 1 MCG-6-30-15, both a reflection model (Ballantyne et al 2003) and an absorption based model (Miller et al 2008) have been successfully used to fit the spectrum.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%