An account of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose of Atractylodes ovata in South Korea based on morphology and molecular data

Abstract

Ovate-leaf atractylodes (OLA) (Atractylodes ovata) is a well-known medicinal plant in Korea; its dried rhizome and root extracts are used in herbal medicine. However, anthracnose is a great challenge to the OLA cultivation in South Korea. Colletotrichum spp. is a major group of plant pathogens responsible for anthracnose on a range of economically important hosts. Its occurrence on OLA remains unresolved. To investigate the diversity, morphology, phylogeny, and biology of Colletotrichum spp., 32 fungal isolates were obtained from 30 OLA-affected leaves collected from five different farms, in two regions in South Korea, Mungyeong and Sangju. The phylogenetic analysis with four or five gene loci (ITS, TUB2, ACT, GAPDH, and CHS-1) along with morphology of 26 representative isolates delineated six previously known Colletotrichum species including C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto (s.s), C. cigarro, C. plurivorum, C. siamense and C. sojae, and one new species, described here as C. ovataense. Amongst these species, C. gloeosporioides s.s. and C. plurivorum were the most prevalent species. A pathogenicity test on the detached leaves revealed that different Colletotrichum species presented a distinct degree of virulence, confirming Koch’s postulates. In this study, C. fructicola, C. cigarro, C. plurivorum, C. siamense, and C. sojae were reported from A. ovata for the first time, as the causal agent of ovate-leaf atractylodes anthracnose. Understanding the diversity and biology of the Colletotrichum species population will help in managing this disease.

The Study of Cultural and Morphological Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on Barringtonia Edulis

“…These variations in colony pigmentation observed from the current study agree with several studies reported on the colony colour of C. gloeosporioides [19,22,23]. The isolates with salmon pigmented colonies (Figures 2b-d) are also consistent with C. gloeosporioides isolates causing foliar anthracnose on Atractylodes ovate [24]. Similar observations of colony characteristics for Colletotrichum spp.…”

Fungal diversity notes 1512–1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

“…Liu et al (2022) accepted 280 species in 16 species complexes and 15 singleton species and established a genome tree comprising 94 species. Further 13 species were added by Alizadeh et al (2022), Hassan et al (2022) and Zheng et al (2022).…”

First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola, C. rhizophorae sp. nov. and C. thailandica sp. nov. on Mangrove in Thailand

“…Hosts and Distribution: Actinidia chinensis, China [56], Japan [57]; Aesculus chinensis, China [58]; Amomum villosum, China [59]; Anacardium occidentale, Brazil [60,61]; Annona spp., Brazil [62,63]; Anthurium, Sri Lanka [64]; Arachis hypogaea, China [65]; Areca catechu, China [66,67]; Atractylodes ovata, Korea [68]; Aucuba japonica, China [69], Korea [70]; Aver- Faces of Fungi number: FoF 06767, Figures 3 and 4 Isolated from the leaf spot that is associated with Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, globose, brown, superficial on PDA, releasing conidia in a yellow mass, slimy, globose, glistening mass.…”

“…Colonies on WA with sterilized sticks, reaching 5 cm diam after 7 d at room temperature (±25 • C), under light 12 h/dark 12 h, colonies rhizoid to filamentous, dense, flat surface, with filiform margin, dark green from above and reverse, with producing pycnidia on sticks and immersed pycnidia under media. Hosts and Distribution: Actinidia chinensis, China [56], Japan [57]; Aesculus chinensis, China [58]; Amomum villosum, China [59]; Anacardium occidentale, Brazil [60,61]; Annona spp., Brazil [62,63]; Anthurium, Sri Lanka [64]; Arachis hypogaea, China [65]; Areca catechu, China [66,67]; Atractylodes ovata, Korea [68]; Aucuba japonica, China [69], Korea [70]; Averrhoa carambola, China [71]; Bletilla striata, China [72]; Brassica spp., China [73]; Camellia chrysantha, China [74]; Camellia grijsii, China [75,76]; Camellia oleifera, China [77]; Camellia sinensis, China [67,[78][79][80][81][82][83], Indonesia [42,80]; Capsicum spp., China [84,85], Thailand [86]; Carica papaya, Mexico [87]; Carya spp., China [88][89][90][91]; Cattleya spp., Brazil [92]; Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, Italy…”