An account on the deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors

Puttaswamy, Rangaswamy; Mondal, Chanchal; Mahto, Ashesh; Ghosh, Debasis

doi:10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00477

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…It is apparent that there are several factors that can impact the conductivity, such as using different measurement methods, varying purities of LA/LB salts, and temperature. There is a significant need to improve the conductivity to enhance the performance of the liquid electrolyte, and this point has been reiterated by several groups. ,,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

et al. 2023

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At the core of the aluminum (Al) ion battery is the liquid electrolyte, which governs the underlying chemistry. Optimizing the rheological properties of the electrolyte is critical to advance the state of the art. In the present work, the chloroaluminate electrolyte is made by reacting AlCl3 with a recently reported acetamidinium chloride (Acet-Cl) salt in an effort to make a more performant liquid electrolyte. Using AlCl3:Acet-Cl as a model electrolyte, we build on our previous work, which established a new method for extracting the ionic conductivity from fitting voltammetric data, and in this contribution, we validate the method across a range of measurement parameters in addition to highlighting the model electrolytes’ conductivity relative to current chloroaluminate liquids. Specifically, our method allows the extraction of both the ionic conductivity and voltammetric data from a single, simple, and routine measurement. To bring these results in the context of current methods, we compare our results to two independent standard conductivity measurement techniques. Several different measurement parameters (potential scan rate, potential excursion, temperature, and composition) are examined. We find that our novel method can resolve similar trends in conductivity to conventional methods, but typically, the values are a factor of two higher. The values from our method, on the other hand, agree closely with literature values reported elsewhere. Importantly, having now established the approach for our new method, we discuss the conductivity of AlCl3:Acet-Cl-based formulations. These electrolytes provide a significant improvement (5–10× higher) over electrolytes made from similar Lewis base salts (e.g., urea or acetamide). The Lewis base salt precursors have a low economic cost compared to state-of-the-art imidazolium-based salts and are non-toxic, which is advantageous for scale-up. Overall, this is a noteworthy step at designing cost-effective and performant liquid electrolytes for Al-ion battery applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

et al. 2023

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“…Only a few studies of hydrated DES are currently present in the literature on this topic [ 31 ]. Recent reports on DESs used as rechargeable Zn battery electrolytes using various methods/strategies and their key performance descriptors are summarized in Table 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Electrode Cycling in Deep Eutectic Solvent Electrolytes: An Electrochemical Study

et al. 2023

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Among post-lithium ion battery technologies, rechargeable chemistries with Zn anodes bear notable technological promise owing to their high theoretical energy density, lower manufacturing cost, availability of raw materials and inherent safety. However, Zn anodes, when employed in aqueous electrolytes, suffer from hydrogen evolution, passivation, and shape changes. Alternative electrolytes can help tackle these issues, preserving the green and safe characteristics of aqueous-based ones. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising green and low-cost non-aqueous solvents for battery electrolytes. Specifically, the cycling of Zn anodes in DESs is expected to be reversible, chiefly owing to their dendrite-suppression capability. Nevertheless, apart from a few studies on Zn plating, insight into the cathodic–anodic electrochemistry of Zn in DESs is still very limited. In view of developing DES-based battery electrolytes, it is crucial to consider that a potential drawback might be their low ionic conductivity. Water molecules can be added to the eutectic mixtures by up to 40% to increase the diffusion coefficient of the electroactive species and lower the electrolyte viscosity without destroying the eutectic nature. In this study, we address the electrochemistry of Zn in two different hydrated DESs (ChU and ChEG with ~30% H2O). Fundamental electrokinetic and electrocrystallization studies based on cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry at different cathodic substrates are completed with a galvanostatic cycling test of Zn|Zn symmetric CR2032 coin cells, SEM imaging of electrodes and in situ SERS spectroscopy. This investigation concludes with the proposal of a specific DES/H2O/ZnSO4-based electrolyte that exhibits optimal functional performance, rationalized on the basis of fundamental electrochemical data, morphology evaluation and modeling of the cycling response.

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“…1,2 In particular, aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) demonstrated enhanced safety with good ame retardancy, high ionic conductivity, a simple fabrication process, and high chemical stability, and offer overall low-battery management cost. [3][4][5][6] In recent years, the utilization of polymer based hydrogels, 7-10 and quasi-solid-state 3,[11][12][13] and solid-state electrolytes [14][15][16][17][18] has been surging in rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (RZIBs) as an alternative to aqueous electrolytes. Developing high-performance RZIBs with solid-polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has signicant merits, such as overcoming the interface issues due to their low ammability, reduction of zinc dendrite growth, and suppression of cathode dissolution, resulting in high electrochemical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance solid-state zinc-ion batteries enabled by flexible and highly Zn²⁺ conductive solid-polymer electrolyte

et al. 2023

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An account on the deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors

Cited by 27 publications

References 168 publications

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

Zinc Electrode Cycling in Deep Eutectic Solvent Electrolytes: An Electrochemical Study

High-performance solid-state zinc-ion batteries enabled by flexible and highly Zn²⁺ conductive solid-polymer electrolyte

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An account on the deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors

Cited by 27 publications

References 168 publications

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

Measuring and Enhancing the Ionic Conductivity of Chloroaluminate Electrolytes for Al-Ion Batteries

Zinc Electrode Cycling in Deep Eutectic Solvent Electrolytes: An Electrochemical Study

High-performance solid-state zinc-ion batteries enabled by flexible and highly Zn2+ conductive solid-polymer electrolyte

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Product

Resources

About

High-performance solid-state zinc-ion batteries enabled by flexible and highly Zn²⁺ conductive solid-polymer electrolyte