An Accurate Model for the Efficient Simulation of Electromagnetic Scattering From an Object Above a Rough Surface With Infinite Extent

Wei, Yiwen; Wang, Chao‐Fu; Kee, Chun Yun; Chia, Tse-Tong

doi:10.1109/tap.2020.3019338

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For CST, it was reported that rough surface simulations were performed for Gaussian correlation functions with h = 0.1 wavelength, which means kh = 0.63 [61]. For FEKO, it was reported in the paper by Y. W. Wei et al that rough-surface scattering was calculated with Gaussian correlation functions for h = 0.06 wavelength, which means kh = 0.418 [62]. The extended boundary condition technique has been used for exponential correlation function with h at 0.044 wavelength corresponding to kh = 0.27 [63].…”

Section: Rough Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing of Vegetation Effects, SoOp and Rough Soil Surface Backscattering

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we provide updates on our recent work on the theory of microwave remote sensing for applications in remote sensing of soil moisture and snow water equivalent (SWE). The three topics are the following. (i) For the effects of forests and vegetation, we developed the hybrid method of NMM3D full-wave simulations over the vegetation field and forest canopies. In the hybrid method, we combined the use of commercial off-the-shelf software and wave multiple scattering theory (W-MST). The results showed much larger transmission than classical radiative transfer theory. (ii) In signals of opportunity at L-band and P-band, which are radar bistatic scattering in the vicinity of the specular direction, we developed the Analytical Kirchhoff solution (AKS) and Numerical Kirchhoff approach (NKA) in the calculations of coherent waves and incoherent waves. We also took into account of the effects of topographical elevations and slopes which have strong influences. (iii) In rough surface radar backscattering, we used the volume integral equation approach for NMM3D full-wave simulations for soil surfaces with kh up to 15. The simulations were calculated for the X-band and Ku-band and the results showed saturation effects. The simulation results can be applied to microwave remote sensing of SWE at these two frequencies.

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Section: Rough Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing of Vegetation Effects, SoOp and Rough Soil Surface Backscattering

et al. 2022

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“…Unlike the numerical methods, some high-frequency asymptotic methods can effectively deal with the composite scattering problem due to their lower computational costs and reasonable accuracy. Wei et al applied a hybrid shooting and bouncing rays-physical optics (SBR-PO) method to investigate the composite scattering from a target above a rough surface with infinite extent [7]. Dong et al utilized an accelerated algorithm based on the GO-PO/PTD and CWMFSM to analyze the composite scattering from a ship over the sea's surface [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Accelerated Hybrid Method for Electromagnetic Scattering of a Composite Target–Ground Model and Its Spotlight SAR Image

Meng

Chai

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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In this paper, an accelerated hybrid method of physical optics (PO) shooting and bouncing ray (SBR)–physical theory of diffraction (PTD) is proposed to deal with the electromagnetic scattering of a complex target on rough ground. To accelerate the ray tracing progress, the ray marching technique based on octree structure is employed. In this technique, only the nodes passed by the ray are detected successively until the first facet intersected by ray is found or the ray passes through the bounding box, which greatly decreases the intersection test. Then, based on the accelerated PO-SBR-PTD method, the spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) echo data of the composite target–ground model is obtained by the vector superposition of the echo on each meshed patch. Furthermore, the spotlight SAR image of the composite model is simulated by the polar format algorithm (PFA). In numerical simulations, both the EM scattering of the target and composite model are calculated and evaluated by comparing with the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) in FEKO software. Meanwhile the spotlight SAR image of the composite target–ground model is also compared with the real image in MSTAR data, and a satisfactory similarity between them is obtained. In addition, the SAR images of two targets on rough ground for different pose angles are also presented and analyzed.

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“…In Reference 7, the illuminated area and scattered field are calculated by considering multiple reflections with combination of geometrical optics (GO) and PO on GPU. In References 8–10, the shooting and bouncing ray tracing together with PO integral calculation are performed using compute unified device architecture (CUDA). The authors also improved the computational efficiency of two sample scattering problems by GPU programming 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel body‐shaping of electrically large objects described by NURBS surfaces

Vahdani

Saraee

Mohtashami

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This article presents a systematic procedure to shape the body of an electrically large object in order to achieve a desired radiation/scattering pattern. In particular, the object surface is described by non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) and physical optics (PO) is used for electromagnetic field calculations. The NURBS control points and weights are considered as degrees of freedom for an evolutionary optimization algorithm. They are iteratively optimized according to the specific constraints of radiation/scattering problem under consideration. To speedup the optimization process, the electromagnetic codes are implemented on graphics processing unit (GPU). The accuracy of the simulation results are verified by CST commercial electromagnetic software. Furthermore, the results show simulation speedup on the order of several times to a few tens of times. This makes an iterative optimization of a surface rather practical on a single personal computer.

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An Accurate Model for the Efficient Simulation of Electromagnetic Scattering From an Object Above a Rough Surface With Infinite Extent

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing of Vegetation Effects, SoOp and Rough Soil Surface Backscattering

Theory of Microwave Remote Sensing of Vegetation Effects, SoOp and Rough Soil Surface Backscattering

An Accelerated Hybrid Method for Electromagnetic Scattering of a Composite Target–Ground Model and Its Spotlight SAR Image

Parallel body‐shaping of electrically large objects described by NURBS surfaces

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