An Accurate Small Signal Modeling and Control Loop Design of Active Clamp Flyback Converter

Xu, Shengyou; Qian, Qinsong; Ren, Bowen; Liu, Qi

doi:10.23919/icpe2019-ecceasia42246.2019.8797022

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Although the ACF is known for around 30 years its smallsignal analysis and modeling was subject of research only in last several years [17], [48]- [50]. The ACF in DCM ACM is combination of a PWM converter (during on-time) and a resonant one (during off-time) [49], [50]. This feature of ACF complicated its analysis and probably contributed to delay in research activities on small-signal analysis.…”

Section: F Control Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Vracar

Pejović

2022

IEEE Access

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Investigation of active-clamped flyback (ACF) dc-dc converter 57 W used as the auxiliary power-supply (APS) of an inductive-charging system (ICS) is presented. The ACF was supplied from variable-dc-link 800 V which was challenge for its design. Anyway, some findings are applicable to any ACF. An overview of ACF control ICs is presented revealing that only two vendors have appropriate devices for ICS. The key-parts' choice and suggestion of new features targeting ACF in this emerging-application are given. Striving for high switching-frequency in ICS is not needed due to large safety-distances of transformer. Measured ''maximum-efficiency vs. magnetizing-inductance'' graph showed that extremes are reached for 400 µH. It was based on four transformers with manually-optimized resonant-tanks. Measurements of ''circulating-power losses vs. input-voltage'' are compared for several transformers. Those losses are in the range of few watts and increase with input-voltage. Measurements of ''bandwidth, phase-margin and gain-margin vs. input-power'', for different input-voltages, are discussed. Those quantities were changeable with load and input-voltage as expected. The short-circuit behavior is analyzed showing that usage of the hybrid-clamp with multi-mode control-ICs is mandatory. Finally, comparison with conventional flyback and quasi-resonant flyback converters showed that both are ≈23 % cheaper, occupy ≈11 % less board-space, and have similar or higher efficiencies. The reason for such efficiency is that ACF circulating-power losses were high as well as dc-voltage-conversion-ratio. Although this is a drawback, for an APS the efficiency is not the key-parameter as long as there are no thermal problems. Moreover, as ACF converter is known for having less EMI-problems that could be the key-advantage for this application. But problem is not-enough electronic components on the market that are suitable for ICS.INDEX TERMS Active-clamped flyback, auxiliary power-supply, control, dc-dc converter, inductive charging-system, quasi-resonant flyback. NOMENCLATURE ACF active-clamped flyback. ACM active-clamping mode. APS auxiliary power-supply. CCM continuous conduction-mode. DCM discontinuous conduction-mode. EMI electro-magnetic interference. EV electric vehicle. FET field-effect transistor.The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho .

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Section: F Control Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This feature of ACF complicated its analysis and probably contributed to delay in research activities on small-signal analysis. Anyway, with [17], [48], [49], and [50] that topic is closed.…”

Section: F Control Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Vracar

Pejović

2022

IEEE Access

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“…In this section we will present results that complement the ones presented in [5]. Important to know is that the ACF in DCM ACM is a combination of a PWM converter (during on-time) and a resonant one (during offtime) [5,22,23]. That feature complicated its small-signal analysis in the past [5], but it is solved now [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Control Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Important to know is that the ACF in DCM ACM is a combination of a PWM converter (during on-time) and a resonant one (during offtime) [5,22,23]. That feature complicated its small-signal analysis in the past [5], but it is solved now [22][23][24][25]. The key-paper for understanding of the NCP1568 operation with three control-loops (voltage, current and switchingperiod) is [24].…”

Section: Control Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active-clamped flyback DC-DC converter in an 800V application: Design notes and control aspects

Vracar

Pejović

2022

Journal of Electrical Engineering

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This paper presents findings for active-clamped flyback (ACF) DC-DC converter 57 W used as an auxiliary power-supply of a wireless inductive-charging system 800 V. Measurements of magnetizing and leakage inductances for three transformers demonstrated how big differences between them could be depending on chosen vendor. Comparison of simulated and measured Bode plots showed that, even when those plots were not matched, one could design a compensator that ensures stable operation. Evaluation of cross-regulation when output with low power (9.62 % of total) was regulated showed that such approach was feasible too. The switching frequency vs output-power and drain-source voltage of switch vs output-power graphs are presented for the first time. Comparison of bandwidth, phase-margin and gain-margin vsinput-power, between the ACF and conventional flyback converter were discussed too. Those quantities were changeable with load and input-voltage as expected. The conventional flyback converter in DCM has higher bandwidth than the ACF which resulted in lower phase- and gain-margins. That showed that it cannot have the same compensator as an ACF.

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“…The large-signal and small-signal models of transformer-less converters are most frequently presented in the literature. The number of the descriptions of the flyback averaged models is not so high and the examples may be found in papers [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of element’s parameters on the output characteristics of the voltage multiplier when powered from the inverter in resonance conditions

Mućko

2024

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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The article presents the influence of the parameters of the high voltage direct current (HVDC) generator with a multiplier, such as: leakage inductance of the high voltage (HV) transformer, capacitance, and the number of multiplier stages on the value of the output voltage, voltage ripple, power and frequency of the supply voltage as a function of the output current. The presented characteristics were obtained under the synchronization conditions of the inverter output voltage and current that powers the multiplier. The presented results will be useful when designing HVDC generators with Cockcroft-Walton multipliers.

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An Accurate Small Signal Modeling and Control Loop Design of Active Clamp Flyback Converter

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles

Active-clamped flyback DC-DC converter in an 800V application: Design notes and control aspects

Influence of element’s parameters on the output characteristics of the voltage multiplier when powered from the inverter in resonance conditions

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