An Acoustic Microbalance Study of High-Temperature Naphthenic Acid Corrosion of Common Iron-Alloying Elements

Patrick, Brian N.; Chakravarti, Rajashree; Devine, Thomas M.

doi:10.5006/1737

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To improve profitability, refineries are trying to process blends resembling in their properties the design crude, which contain one or more cheaper crudes (opportunity crudes) [11]. The processing of petroleum mixtures can be accompanied by operational problems related to accelerated fouling [12][13][14], corrosion [15][16][17][18][19][20], equipment failure [21], catalyst deactivation [22][23][24], etc. Thus, the assumption that a refinery can refine economically favourable, environmentally friendly, and reliable petroleum crude blends whose characteristics are not too far away from the designed crude may be misleading [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience in Processing Alternative Crude Oils to Replace Design Oil in the Refinery

Stratiev,

Shiskova,

Toteva

et al. 2024

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A comprehensive investigation of a highly complex petroleum refinery (Nelson complexity index of 10.7) during the processing of 11 crude oils and an imported atmospheric residue replacing the design Urals crude oil was performed. Various laboratory oil tests were carried out to characterize both crude oils, and their fractions. The results of oil laboratory assays along with intercriteria and regression analyses were employed to find quantitative relations between crude oil mixture quality and refining unit performance. It was found that the acidity of petroleum cannot be judged by its total acid number, and acid crudes with lower than 0.5 mg KOH/g and low sulphur content required repeated caustic treatment enhancement and provoked increased corrosion rate and sodium contamination of the hydrocracking catalyst. Increased fouling in the H-Oil hydrocracker was observed during the transfer of design Urals crude oil to other petroleum crudes. The vacuum residues with higher sulphur, lower nitrogen contents, and a lower colloidal instability index provide a higher conversion rate and lower fouling rate in the H-Oil unit. The regression equations developed in this work allow quantitative assessment of the performance of crucial refining units like the H-Oil, fluid catalytic cracker, naphtha reformer, and gas oil hydrotreatment based on laboratory oil test results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience in Processing Alternative Crude Oils to Replace Design Oil in the Refinery

Stratiev,

Shiskova,

Toteva

et al. 2024

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“…Since the Curie point of the GaPO 4 is at 970°C [4], it had been demonstrated the possibility to carry out experiments above 700°C [5]. For these reasons, gallium orthophosphate has recently started being employed to detect carbon deposition onto electrodeposited nickel from methane at 600°C, in order to simulate solid oxide fuel cell anode coking [6], and to measure naphthenic acid corrosion of iron and several alloying elements at 270°C [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-temperature oxidation evaluation using crystal microbalance

Nicoli

Grosjean

Mingant

et al. 2020

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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High-temperature oxidising environments are frequently encountered but the limited number of in situ techniques that can be implemented has hindered the monitoring possibilities and a better comprehension of the oxidation phenomenon. In this paper the high temperature oxidation behaviours of three alloys (AISI 316L, AISI 310 and HAYNES ® HR-120 ® ) were studied by using crystal microbalances and surface characterizations. For the microbalance experiments two types of crystal were tested: quartz or gallium orthophosphate crystals. First the behaviour of thin sputtered deposited alloys on quartz slides was studied at 400 and 700°C under air oxidising conditions and compared to bulk samples. Kinetics measurements were performed on the three alloy films deposited on the resonators at 400 or 700°C under air. After the calibration of quartz and gallium orthophosphate crystals, it was possible to measure very small mass variations associated with thin oxide formation between 5 and 180 nm of thickness. The crystal microbalance technique gives very promising perspectives in understanding the high-temperature corrosion and scaling mechanisms and also for in situ monitoring.

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“…Obviously, the co-existence of naphthenic acid and sulfur compounds complicates the high temperature corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of steel in field refining environments [4]. Study of the naphthenic acid corrosion has been carried out for nearly several decades, and the key issues in debate is that the corrosion proceeds at electrochemical manner or chemical manner [12]. Just as pointed that the corrosion process is complicated with the combined effect of naphthenic acid corrosion and sulfur corrosion [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical measurements and corrosion characterization of steel in naphthenic acid solution at high temperature

Zhou

Yang

2018

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The corrosion behavior of a low carbon steel in simulated high temperature naphthenic acid environment has been investigated by the measurements of electrolyte conductivity, potentiodynamic polarization, and galvanic corrosion behavior test.The results indicate that the conductivity of naphthenic acid oil solution is in range of 0.003-0.008 ms/cm, which is far lower than that of pure water of 0.05 ms/cm. Besides, the paralleled polarization curve measured at the same condition shows different polarization behavior. The low solution conductivity and/or the difficulty in triggering the corrosion process by electrochemical manner may be responsible for this. Moreover, the galvanic corrosion test shows that the galvanic effect did not occur. Therefore, the naphthenic acid corrosion of steel is difficult to proceed at the manner of electrochemical mechanism but chemical mechanism.

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An Acoustic Microbalance Study of High-Temperature Naphthenic Acid Corrosion of Common Iron-Alloying Elements

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Experience in Processing Alternative Crude Oils to Replace Design Oil in the Refinery

Experience in Processing Alternative Crude Oils to Replace Design Oil in the Refinery

High-temperature oxidation evaluation using crystal microbalance

Electrochemical measurements and corrosion characterization of steel in naphthenic acid solution at high temperature

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