An Activatable Afterglow/MRI Bimodal Nanoprobe with Fast Response to H₂S for In Vivo Imaging of Acute Hepatitis

Abstract

Accurate detection of hepatic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to monitor H2S‐related enzymes’ activity is critical for acute hepatitis diagnosis, but remains a challenge due to the dynamic and transient nature of H2S. Here, we report a H2S‐activatable near‐infrared afterglow/MRI bimodal probe F1‐GdNP, which shows an “always‐on” MRI signal and “off‐on” afterglow signal toward H2S. F1‐GdNP shows fast response, high sensitivity and specificity toward H2S, permitting afterglow imaging of H2S and evaluation of cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE)’s activity in living mice. We further employ the high spatial‐resolution MRI signal of F1‐GdNP to track its delivery and accumulation in liver. Importantly, F1‐GdNP offers a high signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR=86.2±12.0) to sensitively report on the increased hepatic H2S level in the acute hepatitis mice via afterglow imaging, which correlated well with the upregulated CSE activity in the liver, showcasing the good potential of F1‐GdNP for monitoring of acute hepatitis process in vivo.

Highly Stable and Selective Sensing of Hydrogen Sulfide in Living Mouse Brain with NiN4 Single-Atom Catalyst-Based Galvanic Redox Potentiometry

“…8,9 Despite its well-known significance for the CNS, H 2 S is much less understood from the perspective on its dynamics triggered in different physiological and pathological con-ditions. 2,4,5,10 For this purpose, various in vivo H 2 S sensing methods were motivated, including fluorescence, 11−19 twophoton microscopy, 1,20,21 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 22,23 and colorimetric 24 and electrochemical sensing. 25−28 Among them, in vivo imaging techniques are wellsuited for mapping cross-regional concentration fluctuations and distributions of H 2 S. 1,11−23 Electrochemical sensing methods own high spatial and temporal resolution; 29,30 thus, they are broadly utilized for real-time measurement of neurochemical dynamics in rapid neural processes.…”

“…Despite its well-known significance for the CNS, H 2 S is much less understood from the perspective on its dynamics triggered in different physiological and pathological conditions. ,,, For this purpose, various in vivo H 2 S sensing methods were motivated, including fluorescence, − two-photon microscopy, ,, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), , and colorimetric and electrochemical sensing. − Among them, in vivo imaging techniques are well-suited for mapping cross-regional concentration fluctuations and distributions of H 2 S. ,− Electrochemical sensing methods own high spatial and temporal resolution; , thus, they are broadly utilized for real-time measurement of neurochemical dynamics in rapid neural processes. − However, the existing electrochemical H 2 S sensors suffer from sulfur poisoning, electrode passivation, and persistent sensitivity reduction because of the adsorption of H 2 S oxidation products (S n molecules) − on the electrode surface. Therefore, the development of high-performance electrochemical sensors for accurate H 2 S sensing in vivo remains a constant need.…”

Management of fluorescent organic/inorganic nanohybrids for biomedical applications in the NIR-II region

“…8 Meanwhile, excitation-free optical imaging, including bioluminescence imaging, and afterglow imaging, can eliminate real-time excitation to minimize background noise. [105][106][107] Unfortunately, photons emitted from materials still interact with biological tissue and affect quantification.…”

A novel afterglow nanoreporter for monitoring cancer therapy

“…Optical imaging has extreme significance in the prevention and treatment of malignant cancer for nearly half a century 22 - 24 . With no need for real-time excitation, afterglow nanoparticles can efficiently eliminate the background signals from autofluorescence of bio-tissues, overcoming the common drawback of fluorescence imaging 25 , 26 . Due to the significant enhancement of signal-to-background ratio and imaging quality, afterglow luminescence has been broadly used for in vivo imaging, including cell tracking, bio-detection and lymph node location with a non-invasive way 27 - 31 .…”