An Adaptable Net Zero Model: Energy Analysis of a Monitored Case Study

Abstract

Increased efforts toward climate change mitigation and achieving net zero (NZ) are occurring globally. This research addresses three challenges to meeting the target NZ goals: (1) quantifying energy use reduction approaches, including energy efficiency and renewable power; (2) obtaining measured data to verify NZ achievements; and (3) providing NZ definitions to a globally understandable concept. To do so, a reorganized NZ concept (NZX%(ORG)) is proposed that is practical, measurable, and adaptable to different regions and requirements. The “X%” presents the fraction of renewable energy to the total energy used, and the “ORG” defines the organization’s NZ definition that a project uses. The objective of this proposal is to create a universally NZ concept and method, using measured utility power data, by (1) determining a baseline NZX%(ORG); (2) projecting an optimized NZX%(ORG); (3) measuring and reporting the actual NZX%(ORG). This application is extendable from a building level to the community, city, and country levels (NZCX%(ORG)). The Serenbe community, a monitored case study in Georgia, was analyzed. The baseline NZ rating using metered data was NZC16%(ASHRAE). The analysis showed that improved energy efficiency measures (lighting, windows glazing, air sealing) along with increased on-site solar power generation (from 10% to 25% of all roof space), provided a projected NZC80%(ASHRAE). In addition, publicly available documentation of the measured utility power is required for reporting the actual NZCX%(ORG) in Serenbe. Using NZX%(ORG) provides recognition of partial success in moving toward 100% renewable power.

A comprehensive state‐of‐the‐art review of electrochemical battery storage systems for power grids

“…Load leveling is mostly based on forecasting seasonal and daily requirements. However, suppliers must optimize demand or electrical loads by utilizing auxiliary services when electrical supply is insufficient 1 . The European Commission has set new climate and energy targets in accordance with the Kyoto and Paris protocols 2 .…”

“…However, suppliers must optimize demand or electrical loads by utilizing auxiliary services when electrical supply is insufficient. 1 The European Commission has set new climate and energy targets in accordance with the Kyoto and Paris protocols. 2 These procedures are designed to reduce the usage of fossil fuels while also lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.…”