An Adaptive Array Excitation Scheme for the Unidirectional Enhancement of Guided Waves

Adams, Chris J.; Harput, Sevan; Cowell, David M. J.; Carpenter, Thomas M.; Charutz, David M.; Freear, Steven

doi:10.1109/tuffc.2016.2628100

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…It takes a number of inputs including frequency, bandwidth (for chirps), and sampling frequency and produces a five-level waveform for any suitable switched circuit or pulser. It has facilitated a number of medical imaging and nondestructive testing applications [56]–[58], but this study is the first time it has been used for HIFU.…”

Section: Switching Schemes and Amplifier Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIFU Drive System Miniaturization Using Harmonic Reduced Pulsewidth Modulation

Adams

Carpenter

Cowell

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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Switched excitation has the potential to improve on the cost, efficiency, and size of the linear amplifier circuitry currently used in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) systems. Existing switching schemes are impaired by high harmonic distortion or lack array apodisation capability, so require adjustable supplies and/or large power filters to be useful. A multilevel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) topology could address both of these issues but the switching-speed limitations of transistors mean that there are a limited number of pulses available in each waveform cycle. In this study, harmonic reduction PWM (HRPWM) is proposed as an algorithmic solution to the design of switched waveforms. Its appropriateness for HIFU was assessed by design of a high power five-level unfiltered amplifier and subsequent thermal-only lesioning of ex vivo chicken breast. Three switched waveforms of different electrical powers (16, 26, 35 W) were generated using the HRPWM algorithm. Lesion sizes were measured and compared with those made at the same electrical power using a linear amplifier and bi-level excitation. HRPWM produced symmetric, thermal-only lesions that were the same size as their linear amplifier equivalents (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$p > 0.05$ \end{document}). At 16 W, bi-level excitation produced smaller lesions but at higher power levels large transients in the acoustic waveform nucleated undesired cavitation. These results demonstrate that HRPWM can minimize HIFU drive circuity size without the need for filters to remove harmonics or adjustable power supplies to achieve array apodisation.

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Section: Switching Schemes and Amplifier Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIFU Drive System Miniaturization Using Harmonic Reduced Pulsewidth Modulation

Adams

Carpenter

Cowell

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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“…Furthermore, this beamforming mode has been applied to laser vibrometer measurements along with a baseline-free imaging algorithm [27]. Alternatively, the adaptive method has been recently applied for transmission beamforming, whereby a recursive approach has been used for the generation of the main beam in two directions [28]. However, most of the receiver beamforming based approaches show a limitation for real-world SHM applications, which typically require a light-weight and integrated device.…”

Section: Background Of Beamforming Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on Transmission Beamforming for Ultrasonic Guided-Wave Based Structural Health Monitoring

Cantero‐Chinchilla

Aranguren

Malik

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The development of reliable structural health monitoring techniques is enabling a healthy transition from preventive to condition-based maintenance, hence leading to safer and more efficient operation of different industries. Ultrasonic guided-wave based beamforming is one of the most promising techniques, which supports the monitoring of large thin-walled structures. However, beamforming has been typically applied to the post-processing stage (also known as virtual or receiver beamforming) because transmission or physical beamforming requires complex hardware configurations. This paper introduces an electronic structural health monitoring system that carries out transmission beamforming experiments by simultaneously emitting and receiving ultrasonic guided-waves using several transducers. An empirical characterization of the transmission beamforming technique for monitoring an aluminum plate is provided in this work. The high signal-to-noise ratio and accurate angular precision of the physical signal obtained in the experiments suggest that transmission beamforming can increase the reliability and robustnessof this monitoring technique for large structures and in real-world noisy environments.

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“…Partially beamformed data are sent to the controlling PC, where further elaboration is done. The UARP has been used for harmonic imaging schemes [57] , contrast agent studies [58] through to NDT applications [59] .…”

Section: Historical Review Of Ultrasound Open Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Open Platforms for Next-Generation Imaging Technique Development

Boni

Freear

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelect., Freq. Contr.

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121

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Open platform (OP) ultrasound systems are aimed primarily at the research community. They have been at the forefront of the development of synthetic aperture, plane wave, shear wave elastography, and vector flow imaging. Such platforms are driven by a need for broad flexibility of parameters that are normally preset or fixed within clinical scanners. OP ultrasound scanners are defined to have three key features including customization of the transmit waveform, access to the prebeamformed receive data, and the ability to implement real-time imaging. In this paper, a formative discussion is given on the development of OPs from both the research community and the commercial sector. Both software- and hardware-based architectures are considered, and their specifications are compared in terms of resources and programmability. Software-based platforms capable of real-time beamforming generally make use of scalable graphics processing unit architectures, whereas a common feature of hardware-based platforms is the use of field-programmable gate array and digital signal processor devices to provide additional on-board processing capacity. OPs with extended number of channels (>256) are also discussed in relation to their role in supporting 3-D imaging technique development. With the increasing maturity of OP ultrasound scanners, the pace of advancement in ultrasound imaging algorithms is poised to be accelerated.

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An Adaptive Array Excitation Scheme for the Unidirectional Enhancement of Guided Waves

Cited by 14 publications

References 70 publications

HIFU Drive System Miniaturization Using Harmonic Reduced Pulsewidth Modulation

HIFU Drive System Miniaturization Using Harmonic Reduced Pulsewidth Modulation

An Empirical Study on Transmission Beamforming for Ultrasonic Guided-Wave Based Structural Health Monitoring

Ultrasound Open Platforms for Next-Generation Imaging Technique Development

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