An adaptive cue combination model of human spatial reorientation

Xu, Yang; Regier, Terry; Newcombe, Nora S.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2017.02.016

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…WS adults also displayed a bias to rely more heavily on landmark objects than on boundaries, even when the boundaries were the more reliable spatial reference. This latter observation is consistent with theories that propose that spatial learning is mediated by multiple competitively interacting memory systems (Poldrack & Packard, 2003), the outputs of which are weighted during retrieval according to their previously experienced reliability and usefulness (Xu, Regier, & Newcombe, 2017).…”

Section: G Ener Al Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dissociable spatial memory systems revealed by typical and atypical human development

Julian

Kamps

Epstein

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

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Rodent lesion studies have revealed the existence of two causally dissociable spatial memory systems, localized to the hippocampus and striatum that are preferentially sensitive to environmental boundaries and landmark objects, respectively. Here we test whether these two memory systems are causally dissociable in humans by examining boundary- and landmark-based memory in typical and atypical development. Adults with Williams syndrome (WS)-a developmental disorder with known hippocampal abnormalities-and typical children and adults, performed a navigation task that involved learning locations relative to a boundary or a landmark object. We found that boundary-based memory was severely impaired in WS compared to typically-developing mental-age matched (MA) children and chronological-age matched (CA) adults, whereas landmark-based memory was similar in all groups. Furthermore, landmark-based memory matured earlier in typical development than boundary-based memory, consistent with the idea that the WS cognitive phenotype arises from developmental arrest of late maturing cognitive systems. Together, these findings provide causal and developmental evidence for dissociable spatial memory systems in humans.

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Section: G Ener Al Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Dissociable spatial memory systems revealed by typical and atypical human development

Julian

Kamps

Epstein

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

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“…These future experiments could be used to test and refine the recently developed computational model of the human reorientation data (Xu et al, 2017). Clearly, future experiments could vary the heading directions, the corner angles, use more features than just one, and so forth, establishing better psychometrics and making more precise quantitative predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Direct Evidence of Cue Integration in Reorientation: A New Paradigm

2017

Self Cite

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There are several models of the use of geometric and feature cues in reorientation (Cheng, Huttenlocher, & Newcombe, ). The adaptive combination approach posits that people integrate cues with weights that depend on cue salience and learning, or, when discrepancies are large, they choose between cues based on these variables (Cheng, Shettleworth, Huttenlocher, & Rieser, ; Newcombe & Huttenlocher, ). In a new paradigm designed to evaluate integration and choice, disoriented participants attempted to return to a heading direction, in a trapezoidal enclosure in which feature and geometric cues both unambiguously specified a heading, but later the feature was moved. With discrepancies greater than 90 degrees, participants choose geometry. With smaller discrepancies, integration appeared in three of five situations; otherwise, participants used geometry alone. Variation depended on direction of feature movement and whether the nearest corner was acute or obtuse. The results have implications for contrasting adaptive combination and modularity theory, and for future research, offering a new paradigm for reorientation research, and for testing cue integration more broadly.

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“…This has especially become a crucial point in developmental studies of spatial cognition, igniting a debate over modular cognition (Cheng, 1986;Doeller & Burgess, 2008;Hermer & Spelke, 1996, 1994 versus adaptive behaviour (Cheng, Huttenlocher, & Newcombe, 2013;Learmonth, Nadel, & Newcombe, 2002;Ratliff & Newcombe, 2008;Twyman et al, 2018). A recent paper formalizes and details a specific proposal concerning adaptive behaviour (Xu, Regier, & Newcombe, 2017).…”

Section: An Adaptive Cue Selection Model Of Human Spatial Reorientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the paper arguing for Adaptive Combination (Xu et al, 2017) only provides one of the three pieces of evidence. Specifically, it reviews evidence that performance with A+G conditions is better than G conditions.…”

Section: The Need For Additional Scrutinymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Adaptive Combination model is described in a way that is very general to different cues; indeed, the authors apply it to explaining how non-rectangular enclosures, various associative cues, polarizing cues, and linguistic information given to the participant are combined. Landmarks are also mentioned in the narrative account of the study's remit (Xu et al, 2017). Under our reading, it is designed to accommodate any cue that could be used to reorient under a single mathematical framework with a compact mathematical law (Equation 1).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Adaptive Cue Selection Model of Allocentric Spatial Reorientation

Negen

Bird

Nardini

2019

Preprint

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After becoming disoriented, an organism must use the local environment to reorient and recover vectors to important locations. Debates over how this happens have been extensive.A new theory, Adaptive Combination, suggests that the information from different spatial cues are combined with Bayesian efficiency. To test this further, we modified the standard reorientation paradigm to be more amenable to Bayesian cue combination analyses while still requiring reorientation, still requiring participants to recall goal locations from memory, and focusing on situations that require the use of the allocentric (world-based; not egocentric) frame. 12 adults and 20 children at 5-7 years old were asked to recall locations in a virtual environment after a disorientation. They could use either a pair of landmarks at the North and South, a pair at the East and West, or both. Results were not consistent with Adaptive Combination. Instead, they are consistent with the use of the most useful (nearest) single landmark in isolation. We term this Adaptive Selection. Experiment 2 suggests that adults also use the Adaptive Selection method when they are not disoriented but still required to use a local allocentric frame. This suggests that the process of recalling a location in the allocentric frame is typically guided by the single most useful landmark, rather than a Bayesian combination of landmarks -regardless of whether the use of the allocentric frame is forced by disorientation or another method. These failures to benefit from a Bayesian strategy accord with the broad idea that there are important limits to Bayesian theories of the cognition, particularly for complex tasks such as allocentric recall.

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An adaptive cue combination model of human spatial reorientation

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Dissociable spatial memory systems revealed by typical and atypical human development

Dissociable spatial memory systems revealed by typical and atypical human development

First Direct Evidence of Cue Integration in Reorientation: A New Paradigm

An Adaptive Cue Selection Model of Allocentric Spatial Reorientation

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