An Adaptive Economic Model Predictive Control Approach for Wind Turbines

Shaltout, Mohamed L.; Ma, Zhongjun; Chen, Dongmei

doi:10.1115/1.4038490

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In this paper, we focused on the comparison of a classical tracking MPC and two EMPCs for a typical WECS. From the simulation results, we found that (a) when the WECS is operated in partial load subregions, the EMPCs and the tracking MPC may give similar performance; (b) when the WECS is operated in the transition between the operating modes (i.e., partial load mode and full load mode), the two EMPCs can improve the captured wind energy by about 2% in mode transitions which is comparable to other strategies [11,25]; (c) the two EMPCs can decrease the structural fatigue nearly by about 30% in the entire operating region; and (d) when there is uncertainty in wind speed prediction or measurement, the performance of all control schemes decrease and the EMPCs tend to be more sensitive to measurement noise. The relation between the two EMPCs was also investigated and the results were useful in explaining the different behaviors of the two EMPCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…EMPC uses the economic index directly as the cost function for online optimization and has been demonstrated to provide improved economic performance than the classical tracking MPC in different applications [21][22][23]. In [24,25], EMPC were applied to the control of wind turbines. However, these two papers did not present a detailed analysis for the entire operating region.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of MPC and Economic MPC of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Cui

Liu

et al. 2018

Energies

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In this work, we perform a comprehensive comparative study of two advanced control algorithms-the classical tracking model predictive control (MPC) and economic MPC (EMPC)-in the optimal operation of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). A typical 5 MW wind turbine is considered in this work. The tracking MPC is designed to track steady-state optimal operating reference trajectories determined using a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. In the design of the tracking MPC, the entire operating region of the wind turbine is divided into four subregions depending on the wind speed. The tracking MPC tracks different optimal reference trajectories determined by the MPPT algorithm in these subregions. In the designed EMPC, a uniform economic cost function is used for the entire operating region and the division of the operating region into subregions is not needed. Two common economic performance indices of WECSs are considered in the design of the economic cost function for EMPC. The relation between the two economic performance indices and the implications of the relation on EMPC performance are also investigated. Extensive simulations are performed to show the advantages and disadvantages of the two control algorithms under different conditions. It is found that when the near future wind speed can be predicted and used in control, EMPC can improve the energy utilization by about 2% and reduce the operating cost by about 30% compared to classical tracking MPC, especially when the wind speed varies such that the tracking MPC switches between operating subregions. It is also found that uncertainty in information (e.g., future wind speed, measurement noise in wind speed) may deteriorate the performance of EMPC.Energies 2018, 11, 3127 2 of 23 capture as much energy as possible from the wind; when the WECS is operated in the full load mode, the typical control objective is to regulate the blade pitch angle to maintain both the output power and the generator speed at their rated values to ensure the safety of the equipment [2]. The operation of a WECS may switch between these two operating modes frequently due to the variation of wind speed. This poses great challenges in the controller design for WECSs.In the literature, many control strategies have been proposed for the control of WECSs with the purpose of either maximizing wind energy capture or maintaining the system at rated power. When a WECS operates in partial load mode, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is one of the most effective approaches for extracting energy from wind. Existing research studies primarily focus on three MPPT algorithms, namely, tip speed ratio (TSR) control, hill-climb search (HCS) control, and power signal feedback control [3,4]. In these algorithms, the optimal steady-state reference trajectories are calculated. These reference trajectories are then sent to the feedback control layer. The main objective of the feedback control layer is to drive a WECS to track the optimal reference trajectories. In the feedback control lay...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of MPC and Economic MPC of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Cui

Liu

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…One of the state-of-the-art control methods capable of handling such requirements is the economic model predictive control (EMPC) [8,9,10]. EMPC operates by generating control inputs to maximize a system's economic performance formalized in the so-called optimal control problem (OCP) up to certain time steps in the future in a receding horizon manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, a power-and-energybased variable transformation is conducted to allow linear dynamics and convex constraints to be incorporated in the CEMPC. Shaltout, et al [10] have successfully integrated tower foreaft damping objective into the framework and thereby exhibits the applicability of CEMPC for load mitigation. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, the side-side tower load mitigation and individual pitching potentials of this framework have received little to no attention in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual pitch control by convex economic model predictive control for wind turbine side-side tower load alleviation

Pamososuryo

Liu

Hovgaard

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The wind turbine side-side tower motion is known to be lightly damped. One viable active damping solution is realized by deploying individual pitch control (IPC) such that counteracting blade forces are created to alleviate the tower fatigue loading caused by this motion. Existing IPC methods for side-side tower damping in the literature, such as linear quadratic regulator and lead-lag controller, cannot accommodate direct optimization and tradeoff tunings of the wind turbine economic performance. In this work, a novel side-side tower damping IPC strategy under a convex economic model predictive control (CEMPC) framework is therefore developed to address these challenges. The main idea of the framework lies in the variable transformation in power and energy terms to obtain linear dynamics and convex constraints, over which the economic performance of the wind turbine is maximized with a globally optimal solution in a receding horizon manner. The effectiveness of the proposed method is showcased in a high-fidelity simulation environment under both steady and turbulent wind cases. Lower fatigue damage on the side-side tower bending moment is attained with an acceptable level of pitch activities, negligible impact on the blade loads, and minor improvement on the power production.

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“…Bahsedilen çalışmada Ardjal ve diğerleri kayan kip denetimi stratejisi ve kesir-derece stratejilerini birleştirerek doğrusal olmayan bir denetim tasarımı gerçeklemişlerdir. Uyarlamalı model öngörülü denetim yaklaşımı, değişken hızlı rüzgâr türbinlerinin rüzgâr enerjisi üretimini en üst seviyeye çıkarmak ve yorgunluk yüklerini hafifletmek amacıyla, [30] çalışmasında önerilmiştir. Değişken hızlı rüzgâr türbinlerinin rotor hızı denetimi için gürbüz uyarlamalı bir diğer denetim yaklaşımı [31] çalışmasında önerilmiştir.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

A Backstepping Nonlinear Control Design for Variable Speed Wind Turbines

Bıdıklı¹

2019

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Değişken hızlı rüzgâr türbinlerinin rotor hızını uygun bir şekilde denetlemek, enerji üretimini ve güç verimliliğini eniyilemek için başvurulabilecek yöntemlerden bir tanesidir. Bu çalışmanın temel hedefi değişken hızlı rüzgâr türbinlerinin rotor hızı denetimini sağlayabilecek yapıda özgün bir doğrusal olmayan dayanıklı ve uyarlamalı denetleyici tasarlamaktır. Değişken hızlı rüzgâr türbinlerinin mekanik ve elektrik yapıları incelendiğinde geri adımlamalı denetim tasarımı yaklaşımının bu tip sistemler için denetleyici tasarımı gerçeklemeye oldukça uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum göz önünde bulundurularak bu çalışmada sunulan denetleyici yapısı geri adımlamalı denetim tasarımı yaklaşımı kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır. Denetleyicinin dayanıklı yapısı sistem modeli ve parametreleri hakkında herhangi bir bilgiye ihtiyaç duyulmaksızın denetim hedefine ulaşmaya olanak sağlarken, uyarlamalı yapısı ise denetim esnasında parametrik belirsizlikleri telafi edebilmektedir. Tasarlanan denetleyicinin kuramsal çözümlemesi Lyapunov-tabanlı bir yöntemle tamamlanarak çalışmada sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, tasarlanan denetleyicinin başarımının kuramsal bir ispatı niteliğindedir. Tasarımın başarımını daha net bir şekilde ortaya koymak için ise takip rotası olarak farklı rotor hızı senaryoları kullanılan benzetimler yapılmış ve bu benzetimlerin sonuçlarına çalışmada yer verilmiştir. Controlling the rotor speed of variable speed wind turbines properly is one of the most appropriate methods to optimize the energy production and power efficiency of these type of energy production systems. Designing a novel nonlinear robust adaptive controller that is able to provide the rotor speed control of variable speed wind turbines is the main purpose of this study. It was identified that the backstepping control design technique is a feasible way to design a controller for variable speed wind turbines when their mechanical and electrical subsystems are considered. The control design presented in this study is designed via backstepping control design approach by considering this issue. Robust structure of the designed controller provides that it reaches control purpose without using any information about system model and its parameters while it adaptive structure compensates the parametric uncertainties during the control process. Lyapunov-based arguments are used to complete the theoretical analysis of the designed controller. Results of this analysis theoretically prove that the designed controller is able to reach the control purpose. Additionally, performance of the designed controller is demonstrated via numerical simulation results that are realized by considering different desired rotor speed scenarios.

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An Adaptive Economic Model Predictive Control Approach for Wind Turbines

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

A Comparative Study of MPC and Economic MPC of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

A Comparative Study of MPC and Economic MPC of Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Individual pitch control by convex economic model predictive control for wind turbine side-side tower load alleviation

A Backstepping Nonlinear Control Design for Variable Speed Wind Turbines

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