An adaptive filter for smoothing noisy radar images

Frost, Victor S.; Stiles, James M.; Shanmugam, Karthikeyan; Holtzman, J. C.; Smith, Steve

doi:10.1109/proc.1981.11935

Cited by 49 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Filtering is a transformation of the pixel intensity values to reveal certain image characteristics such as enhancement of the images means to improves contrast, smoothing which remove noises known as speckles and template matching which detects known patterns by locate the template in the images. The common filters that applied in radar imagery is local adaptive filters including the Lee filter (Lee, 1980(Lee, , 1981, Frost filter (Frost et al, 1981(Frost et al, , 1982, Kuan filter (Kuan et al, 1985), Gamma (MAP or Maximum A Posteriori) filter (Kuan et al, 1987;Lopes et al, 1993), and Lee-sigma filter (Lee, 1983). All of these adaptive filters aim to effectively reduce speckle in radar images without eliminating the fine details (Jensen, 2004).…”

Section: Filtering Techniques For Radarsatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This filter assumes multiplicative noise and stationary statistic. The Frost filter replaces the pixels of interest with a weighted sum of the values within the moving window (Frost et al, 1981(Frost et al, , 1982. The weighting factors decrease with distance from the pixel of interest and increase for the central pixels as variance within the window increases.…”

Section: Filtering Techniques For Radarsatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filtering Techniques on Analysis of Archeology Areas Using Radarsat Images: Case Study of Lembah Bujang, Malaysia

Norzailawati¹,

Akma²,

Alias³

et al. 2016

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Commission VI, WG VI/4KEY WORDS: Remote Sensing, GIS, Filtering Techniques, Land Use Planning and historical sites ABSTRACT:Speckle noise present in radar imagery caused by interaction of out -of-phase waves with a target, the objective of this paper is attempt to test filtering techniques consist of Lee, Frost and Gamma Map to identify a potential shrines area in Lembah Bujang using RADARSAT imageries. The multi-temporal images of RADARSAT for years 2003 and 2014 have been used filtering techniques in identifying potential shrines consist of have been used and tested to selected study areas with using processing software of ENVI 4.8 and ArcGIS 10.2. Based on mathematical morphology, the speckles in these images were reduced, once the reduction is achieved, the enhancement of archaeological sites is accomplished. The finding shows that Local Adaptive Filtering on GAMMA Map filter is the best techniques in identifying potential shrines areas at once as guidance to pursuing an area as official gazette historical site in Malaysia context .

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Section: Filtering Techniques For Radarsatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Filtering Techniques For Radarsatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtering Techniques on Analysis of Archeology Areas Using Radarsat Images: Case Study of Lembah Bujang, Malaysia

Norzailawati¹,

Akma²,

Alias³

et al. 2016

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These methods assume that a representative sample of the image to be smoothed is available. Frost et al [18], Lin and Wilson [35], and Restrepo and Bovik [47] collect image statistics and then determine the weights in a neighborhood for smoothing using the local statistics. Heuristics are used to collect the statistics.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive window mechanism for image smoothing

Goshtasby

Satter

2008

Computer Vision and Image Understanding

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“…This research is reviewed because speckle is a form of multiplicative noise. Whereas the authors referenced thus far in this section have attempted speckle reduction at the point in radar image formation when amplitude and phase are both control-lable, the next few authors' (Frost et al, 1981) works examine the case of speckle reduction when only magnitude (no phase) data is available to the investiqator; that is, image data (not signal film or radar holograms) was experimented upon. Walkup and Choens (1974) and Kondo et al (1977) (Brock, 1967).…”

Section: Radar Speckle and Multiplicative Noise Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%