An adaptive generation method for electrophoretic display driving waveform design

Abstract

Electrophoretic display (EPD) technology is attractive when used for reading devices such as e-paper because of its paper-like appearance. EPD driving is more complex than other display technologies such as liquid crystal display or organic light emission diode because the driving result of a pixel strongly depends on the initial display state. The particle size and distribution in the EPD film may vary, even if the initial state is the same. Therefore, the display devices vary between different manufacturing batches. Furthermore, different display modes such as videos, pictures or documents need different driving waveforms to achieve an optimal result. EPD manufacturers need to build a customized driving waveform for every manufacturing batch. This is very inconvenient if new applications on EPD are to be developed. And the workload is huge. In this work, an adaptive method is described for automatically creating EPD driving waveforms to fit different conditions. The central idea of this method is generally adjusting the driving time and the voltage state after getting the feedback from a measurement model. In this method, a new driving waveform is used to reduce refresh time and visual flicker. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can automatically and adaptively generate an EPD driving waveform with reasonable quality.

Design of Driving Waveform Based on a Damping Oscillation for Optimizing Red Saturation in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays

“…There are many details that need to be improved in the driving waveform for a good display quality such as ghost image, fringe phenomena, flicker, insufficient color saturation, etc. [ 15 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In the original stage, particles are distributed irregularly in microcapsules.…”

Red Display for Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays with High Saturation via a Separation Stage between Black and Red Particles

“…Red saturation is related to particle movement in microcapsules, which are the basic pixel structure of EPDs, and a good driving scheme design is the key point to increase its value. Driving schemes are composed of different voltage sequences, which are used to display different color states in a pixel [ 10 , 11 ]. Traditional driving schemes of three-color EPDs generally include an erasing stage, an activation stage, and a driving stage [ 12 ].…”

Design of Driving Waveform for Shortening Red Particles Response Time in Three-Color Electrophoretic Displays

“…Furthermore, new materials for EPDs are also beneficial to improve the response speed of particles [21,22], porous silica nanoparticles and silica coated with ionic liquid polymer nanoparticles were proposed for shortening the response time in EPDs [23]. The design of driving algorithms has greatly improved the display quality [24]. A driving algorithm based on a convolutional neural network was proposed to improve the display quality in EPDs [25], which provided a new method for optimizing driving waveforms.…”