“…If the two segments have a cumulative duration of more than 13 hours, then not considering the 13-hour rule in stage 2 would lead to an illegal driver route. In both stages, we apply an implementation of a large neighborhood search heuristic, see Shaw (1997), Ropke and Pisinger (2006), Pisinger and Ropke (2007). Essentially, in such methods, elements of a solution are alternately removed (destruction step) and reinserted (reconstruction step) in order to improve a given solution.…”