2017
DOI: 10.1177/1550147716687762
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An adaptive network allocation vector timer-based carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance medium access control protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Abstract: Underwater sensor networks with acoustic communications are significantly challenged due to several unique characteristics, such as energy consumption, high propagation delay, and severely limited distance-dependent bandwidth. These unique characteristics make it difficult to directly adopt schemes for underwater acoustic sensor networks that are already proven for reliable terrestrial wireless sensor networks. In particular, propagation delay is one of the key elements for delay-sensitive underwater applicati… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…It shows that the battery voltage decreased at approximately the same rate during the first month for all sensor nodes, except Node A which was using more energy as it was selected by the gateway as a relay node significantly more often than other nodes (due to limited network connectivity discussed earlier in this section). This difference in the energy consumption is especially visible in the last phase of the deployment (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), where the topology was fixed, the data gathering interval was reduced from 1 h to 10 min, and Node A was relaying data for three other sensor nodes (see the network topology in Figure 21d). These data show that the hardware design of the USMART sensor nodes and the NMv3 modems was successful, with all nodes remaining operational for approximately 1.5 months, despite long periods of node outage (see Figure 26) which prevented them from exploiting low power sleep modes; instead, they remained in the listening mode with the main CPU and the modem power on.…”
Section: Long-term Energy Efficiency Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It shows that the battery voltage decreased at approximately the same rate during the first month for all sensor nodes, except Node A which was using more energy as it was selected by the gateway as a relay node significantly more often than other nodes (due to limited network connectivity discussed earlier in this section). This difference in the energy consumption is especially visible in the last phase of the deployment (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), where the topology was fixed, the data gathering interval was reduced from 1 h to 10 min, and Node A was relaying data for three other sensor nodes (see the network topology in Figure 21d). These data show that the hardware design of the USMART sensor nodes and the NMv3 modems was successful, with all nodes remaining operational for approximately 1.5 months, despite long periods of node outage (see Figure 26) which prevented them from exploiting low power sleep modes; instead, they remained in the listening mode with the main CPU and the modem power on.…”
Section: Long-term Energy Efficiency Performancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, Global Positioning System (GPS) which is usually deployed in terrestrial wireless node is not suitable in this underwater scenario because of limitations of the channel properties and frequency. Thus, the relative distance between neighbor nodes can be derived by using the received signal strength (RSS) recorded at the receivers [34] B. COOPERATIVE ROUTING When the cooperation communication scheme is combined, data transmission techniques in the multi-hop network deal with selecting not only next-hop (NH) nodes but also corresponding relay (R) nodes for one-hop communication as well.…”
Section: A Multi-hop Uw-asnmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These channel access rules are based on one or a combination of three principles: (a) random access (ALOHA) [10]); (b) channel reservation (e.g. using Requestto-Send (RTS) / Clear-to-Send (CTS) handshakes [11], [12]; (c) Carrier sensing (the "listen-before-talk" principle) [13]. Contention-based MAC protocols work well in scenarios with low traffic loads and random packet generation times (such that the probability of two or more nodes transmitting at the same time is low) [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%