An Adaptive Optimal Control Modification with Input Uncertainty for Unknown Heterogeneous Agents Synchronization

Adaptive Synchronization of Uncertain Complex Networks under State-dependent a priori Interconnections

“…Remark 2. Heterogeneous nodes are sometimes consideblack in the literature [10], [11], [19], [20], but without interconnection terms before the control design. It is an open problem to consider heterogeneous agents interconnected by heterogeneous terms without a priori constant bound.…”

“…Network nodes might have different (heterogeneous) dynamics in most situations [17], and it is known that heterogeneity and uncertainty may destabilize synchronicity [18]. Heterogeneity and uncertainty can affect both the drift terms but also the input matrix gain [11], [19]. Typical uncertainty structures in the literature include linear-in-the-parameter (LIP) structure [10], [19] or Lipschitz-like condition [14]- [16].…”

“…Heterogeneity and uncertainty can affect both the drift terms but also the input matrix gain [11], [19]. Typical uncertainty structures in the literature include linear-in-the-parameter (LIP) structure [10], [19] or Lipschitz-like condition [14]- [16].…”

“…While uncertainty is often consideblack in node dynamics, interconnection terms acting a priori before control design are often overlooked [11], [19], [20]. In fact, standard literature considers a posteriori linear or nonlinear couplings, which are the result of the control design but are nonexistent before design.…”

Adaptive Synchronization of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems: A Free Observer Approach

“…For distributed systems, MRAC is extended including matching conditions for both, the reference and the dynamics of neighboring agents [15]. Similarly, as a robust complement, optimal adaptive theory or neural network approach could be included to mitigate input system uncertainties [16,17].…”