An adaptive timer for RPL to handle mobility in wireless sensor networks

Gara, Fabrizio; Saad, Leila Ben; Hamida, Elyes Ben; Tourancheau, Bernard; Ayed, Rahma Ben

doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577138

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Gara et al argue that the previous schemes do not consider random mobility scenarios (nodes pause times, velocity changes and random trajectories). In their proposed scheme mod-RPL [87], node's relative position with respect to its parent is detected by analyzing the difference between consecutive RSSI 7 values. The concept of Time to Leave (TL) was introduced, i.e.…”

Section: Mixed (Static and Mobile) Nodes Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on RPL enhancements: A focus on topology, security and mobility

Kamgueu

Nataf

Ndie

2018

Computer Communications

114

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A few years ago, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was proposed by IETF as the routing standard designed for classes of networks in which both nodes and their interconnects are constrained. Since then, great attention has been paid by the scientific and industrial communities for the protocol evaluation and improvement. Indeed, depending on applications scenarios, constraints related to the target environments or other requirements, many adaptations and improvements can be made. So, since the initial release of the standard, several implementations were proposed, some targeting specific optimization goals whereas others would optimize several criteria while building the routing topology. They include, but are not limited to, extending the network lifetime, maximizing throughput at the sink node, avoiding the less secured nodes, considering nodes or sink mobility. Sometimes, to consider the Quality of Service (QoS), it is necessary to consider several of those criteria at the same time. This paper reviews recent works on RPL and highlights major contributions to its improvement, especially those related to topology optimization, security and mobility. We aim to provide an insight into relevant efforts around the protocol, draw some lessons and give useful guidelines for future developments.

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Section: Mixed (Static and Mobile) Nodes Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on RPL enhancements: A focus on topology, security and mobility

Kamgueu

Nataf

Ndie

2018

Computer Communications

114

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“…The implicit assumption of this approach is that mobile nodes' stability decreases with time. An adaptation of the Trickle timer algorithm for better mobility support is also proposed in mod-RPL [11]. Specifically, mod-RPL takes into account the trajectory and velocity of mobile nodes when selecting the sending interval of DIO messages, and it dynamically adapts the timer to the distance between the mobile node and its preferred parent.…”

Section: Rpl Mobility Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root cause of this unreliability is the lack of responsiveness to variations of network conditions that arise in real-life scenarios due to node mobility, or environmental factors, such as interference, multi-path effects, irregular radios patterns among the others [4]. Hence, many extensions have been recently proposed for the original RPL specification to support routing optimisations and more efficient mechanisms for route discovery and topology repair, especially under mobility [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. However, tweaking routing procedures does not solve the core problem of how to proactively maintain up-to-date information about links quality and network routes in a highly efficient manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reinforcement learning-based link quality estimation strategy for RPL and its impact on topology management

Ancillotti

Vallati

Bruno

et al. 2017

Computer Communications

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Over the last few years, standardisation efforts are consolidating the role of the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) as the standard routing protocol for IPv6-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Although many core functionalities are well defined, others are left implementation dependent. Among them, the definition of an efficient link-quality estimation (LQE) strategy is of paramount importance, as it influences significantly both the quality of the selected network routes and nodesâ\u80\u99 energy consumption. In this paper, we present RL-Probe, a novel strategy for link quality monitoring in RPL, which accurately measures link quality with minimal overhead and energy waste. To achieve this goal, RL-Probe leverages both synchronous and asynchronous monitoring schemes to maintain up-to-date information on link quality and to promptly react to sudden topology changes, e.g. due to mobility. Our solution relies on a reinforcement learning model to drive the monitoring procedures in order to minimise the overhead caused by active probing operations. The performance of the proposed solution is assessed by means of simulations and real experiments. Results demonstrated that RL-Probe helps in effectively improving packet loss rates, allowing nodes to promptly react to link quality variations as well as to link failures due to node mobility

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“…Gara et al [7] proposed an adaptive timer algorithm in RPL called modified RPL (mod-RPL) to enhance the trickle timer to fit with mobility requirements. It takes into consideration the random trajectory of mobile nodes, pause time and the velocity of nodes.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Mobility Enhancements for RPL in Convergecast Scenarios

Wang

Chalhoub

2017

Future Internet

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Abstract:In recent years, mobility support has become an important requirement in various wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. However, due to the strict resource constraints of power, memory, and processing resources in WSNs, routing protocols are mainly designed without considering mobility. Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are a special type of WSNs that tolerate data loss. The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is a routing protocol for LLNs that adapts IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) and runs on top of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.15.4 standard. RPL supports multipoint-to-point traffic and point-to-multipoint traffic. In this paper we propose a mobility enhancement mechanism in order to improve data collection applications in highly mobile scenarios. The enhancement is based on signal strength monitoring and depth updating in order to improve the routing protocol performance in mobile scenarios. This enhancement helps routing protocols to cope better with topology changes and makes proactive decisions on updating next-hop neighbours. We integrated this mechanism into the RPL and compared it with other existing RPL mobility support enhancements. Results obtained through simulation using Cooja show that our work outperforms other existing RPL mobility supports on different performance metrics. Results also prove the efficiency of our proposal in highly mobile scenarios.

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An adaptive timer for RPL to handle mobility in wireless sensor networks

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Survey on RPL enhancements: A focus on topology, security and mobility

Survey on RPL enhancements: A focus on topology, security and mobility

A reinforcement learning-based link quality estimation strategy for RPL and its impact on topology management

Study of Mobility Enhancements for RPL in Convergecast Scenarios

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