An addressable UHF EPCGlobal Class1 Gen2 Sensor IC for wireless IOP monitoring on contact lens

Chiou, Jin-Chern; Hsu, Shun-Hsi; Kuei, Cheng-Kai; Wu, Tsung-Wei

doi:10.1109/vlsi-dat.2015.7114573

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the future, the design of the IOP sensor and its fabrication process will be optimized to achieve better sensitivity and stability. Moreover, the proposed sensor will be integrated with an antenna, a CDIC, and an RFIC to establish an RFID-based onlens sensor system embedded in a contact lens for noninvasive long-term IOP monitoring [14,15]. The sensor system can be wirelessly powered and communicate with RFID compatible equipment by Gen2 RFID protocol, extending the flexibility and reducing the self-developed firmware efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A capacitor-based sensor and a contact lens sensing system for intraocular pressure monitoring

Chiou

Huang

Yeh

2015

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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This study proposes a capacitor-based sensor on a soft contact lens for the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP). The sensor was designed and fabricated via microelectromechanical system fabrication technologies. The soft contact lens is designed to be worn on a cornea such that the curvature of the contact lens corresponds substantially to that of the cornea. In addition, the contact lens was fabricated via a cast-molding method using poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to achieve a lens with high oxygen permeability, which can be worn comfortably for a long time. An IOP sensor prototype was implemented, which exhibited 1.2239 pF mmHg −1 (13,171 ppm mmHg −1 ) sensitivity during measurements of an artificial anterior chamber at pressures between 18 and 30 mmHg. The results indicate that the developed capacitor-based IOP sensor exhibited high stability and reproducibility in a series of measurements performed under various pressures. The capacitance of the proposed IOP sensor can successfully be converted into a digital value via a capacitor-to-digital converter and be transmitted via a commercial wireless telemetry system in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A capacitor-based sensor and a contact lens sensing system for intraocular pressure monitoring

Chiou

Huang

Yeh

2015

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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“…In comparison to other antennae, the loop antenna is easier to fabricate and avoids vision obstruction, which is why it has been used in many contact lens designs [62], [82], [99]. For example, Chiou et al proposed a dual loop antenna design for both the receiver (Rx) and transmitter (Tx), as demonstrated in fig.…”

Section: Communicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human–Machine Interaction

Xia

Khamis

Fernández

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Human-Mach. Syst.

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Contact lenses have traditionally been used for vision correction applications. Recent advances in microelectronics and nanofabrication on flexible substrates have now enabled sensors, circuits and other essential components to be integrated on a small contact lens platform. This has opened up the possibility of using contact lenses for a range of humanmachine interaction applications including vision assistance, eye tracking, displays and healthcare. In this article, we systematically review the range of smart contact lens materials, device architectures and components that facilitate this interaction for different applications. In fact, evidence from our systematic review demonstrates that these lenses can be used to display information, detect eye movements, restore vision and detect certain biomarkers in tear fluid. Consequently, whereas previous state-of the-art reviews in contact lenses focused exclusively on biosensing, our systematic review covers a wider range of smart contact lens applications in HMI. Moreover, we present a new method of classifying the literature on smart contact lenses according to their six constituent building blocks, which are the sensing, energy management, driver electronics, communications, substrate and the I/O interfacing modules. Based on recent developments in each of these categories, we speculate the challenges and opportunities of smart contact lenses for humanmachine interaction. Moreover, based on our analysis of the state-of-the-art we develop guidelines for the future design of a self-powered smart contact lens concept with integrated energy harvesters, sensors and communications modules. Therefore, our review is a critical evaluation of current data and is presented with the aim of guiding researchers to new research directions in smart contact lenses.

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“…Researchers have made progress on various antenna shapes [115], where the loop antenna can be densely packed into a small area. Since it can be made from single or multiple turns of basic circular, rectangular, or triangular geometries, which are easy to fabricate [116][117][118]. Additionally, the interconnection between the loop antenna and the sensing circuit is relatively simple and clear, where electrical components are connected directly to the beginning and the end of the single loop.…”

Section: A Loop Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Communication and Power Harvesting in Wearable Contact Lens Sensors

et al. 2021

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The human eye contains multiple biomarkers related to various diseases, making electronic contact lens an ideal non-invasive platform for their diagnosis and treatment. Recent advances in technology have enabled the monitoring and diagnosis of glaucoma from Intraocular Pressure (IOP) detection, diabetes from glucose concentration detections, and other biosensors for pH and temperature sensing. Different sensor designs have led to distinct power transfer techniques, among which inductively coupled power transfer is considered most favourable for electronic contact lenses power delivery applications. Therefore, loop antenna, spiral shape antenna, and antenna with nanomaterials such as graphene and hybrid silver nanofibers have been explored under Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency bands for both Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and data communication. Notably, spiral antennas are also considered as the component of IOP sensing using capacitive sensors to detect the changes in frequency caused by pressure. This article reviews the stateof-the-art technologies in electronic contact lens sensors and their power delivery techniques. Herein, diverse sensing methods, materials, and power transfer techniques and the promising future trends and challenges in electronic contact lenses have been presented.

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An addressable UHF EPCGlobal Class1 Gen2 Sensor IC for wireless IOP monitoring on contact lens

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

A capacitor-based sensor and a contact lens sensing system for intraocular pressure monitoring

A capacitor-based sensor and a contact lens sensing system for intraocular pressure monitoring

State-of-the-Art in Smart Contact Lenses for Human–Machine Interaction

Wireless Communication and Power Harvesting in Wearable Contact Lens Sensors

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