An Adenine‐Based Biological Metal‐Organic Framework as an Efficient Luminescent Sensor for Tetracycline Detection

Abstract

Because of their misuse and poor management, antibiotics pose a significant threat to the ecological environment and human health. The development of highly sensitive and effective sensors to detect such environmental contaminants is a crucial and challenging task. As a new class of desirable biocompatible materials, biological metal-organic frameworks are considered as a viable platform for sensing applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of biological luminescent metalorganic framework [Zn 6 Ad 4 (BPDC-(OH) 2 ) 4 ] n (JNU-104) using adenine (Ad) and 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid [BPDC-(OH) 2 ] as organic linkers. JNU-104 serves as a robust and sensitive luminescent sensor for detecting tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous media with low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.023, 0.029 and 0.024 μM for tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), respectively. Furthermore, the MOF-based test strips show a rapid and visualizable luminescence response to tetracycline antibiotics, making JNU-104 a promising candidate for practical applications in sensing.

Natural Materials Modified and Applied to the Detection of Drugs In Situ: Modification of Eggshell and Quantification of Oxytetracycline

“…Concerning specifically test-strips, the works developed focus on environmental samples, including soil or water, in which the concentration of OXY may be rather low, much lower than the one present in aquaculture. In general, these works employ very complex and expensive designs when assembling the test-strip, also making use of compounds/materials that are not particularly environmentally friendly, such as metal organic frameworks [ 19 ] or lanthanides [ 20 , 21 ], in order to have changes in the emitted light when in the presence of the antibiotic. There are also whole-cell-based systems, making use of recombinant plasmids to provide a visual detection of antibiotics [ 22 ].…”

Application of Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Imaging‐Guided Therapy

“…And the most reported MOFs synthesized from nucleobases is based on adenine synthesis. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] However, the the majority of MOFs based on nucleobases are one-dimensional or two-dimensional structures, and scarce of three-dimensional structures MOFs have been reported. According to the structural characteristics of adenine, it is likely that its limited length and low symmetry contribute to this phenomenon.…”

“…[52] He et al have reported a robust bioluminescent MOF denoted as [Zn 6 Ad 4 (BPDC-(OH) 2 ) 4 ] n (JNU-104), which was prepared using adenine and 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid [BPDC-(OH) 2 ] as organic linkers. [43] The JNU-104 luminescent sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity in detecting tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous solutions, with remarkably low limits of detection (LODs) at 0.023 μM, 0.029 μM, and 0.024 μM for tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) respectively. Moreover, the MOF-based test strips exhibit rapid and visually detectable luminescence response towards tetracycline antibiotics, thereby establishing JNU-104 as a promising candidate for practical sensing applications (Figure 3).…”

“…therefore, purine be more widely utilized in MOFs preparation. And the most reported MOFs synthesized from nucleobases is based on adenine synthesis [40–50] . However, the the majority of MOFs based on nucleobases are one‐dimensional or two‐dimensional structures, and scarce of three‐dimensional structures MOFs have been reported.…”

“…He et al . have reported a robust bioluminescent MOF denoted as [Zn 6 Ad 4 (BPDC‐(OH) 2 ) 4 ] n (JNU‐104), which was prepared using adenine and 2,2’‐dihydroxy‐1,1’‐biphenyl‐4,4’‐dicarboxylic acid [BPDC‐(OH) 2 ] as organic linkers [43] . The JNU‐104 luminescent sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity in detecting tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous solutions, with remarkably low limits of detection (LODs) at 0.023 μM, 0.029 μM, and 0.024 μM for tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) respectively.…”