The clinical outcomes and 5-year survival rate for patients with glioblastoma (GB) make it among the most pernicious and challenging diseases to treat. Despite all the resources, time, and talent focused on developing targeted and/or local delivery technologies by the biomaterials community for GB, the clinical performance of the FDA-approved therapy carmustine ((BCNU)-loaded polyanhydride wafers) and clinical trials of other material approaches have been discouraging. As disappointing is the remarkably stagnant clinical translation of next-generation material approaches for GB. Despite encouraging preclinical results from hydrogels and modified wafer formulations loaded with more efficacious chemotherapies, a total of zero have completed even a phase I clinical trial. Other strategies, including convection-enhanced delivery, microsphere formulations, or drug-loaded nanoparticles have seen limited, albeit some, translation into the clinic with mixed results. This lackluster progress can be attributed, in part, to the paucity of communication between material scientists, biomedical scientists, and clinicians. When examining the purported clinical relevance of embedding certain material properties into formulations, it is clear that some widely known truths about the nature of GB progression among clinicians have not reached the biomaterials community.Furthermore, a closer examination of the lessons from the BCNU wafers and other clinical trials of GB drug delivery materials may enrich and inspire materials scientists to create new systems that satisfy unmet medical needs identified by the clinical community. In tandem, clinicians and biomedical scientists may benefit from a short review highlighting the biocompatibility, safety, longevity, kinetics, tunability, and efficacy of promising new drug delivery materials without inundation by chemical and physical characterizations or discussions.Another key challenge in treating GB is an incomplete understanding of disease pathophysiology, such as mechanisms driving intrinsic and adaptive GB cell chemoresistance. A combined approach where biomedical scientists and material To date, the clinical outcomes and survival rates for patients with glioblastoma (GB) remain poor. A promising approach to disease-modification involves local delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy into the resection cavity, thus circumventing the restrictions imposed by the blood-brain barrier. The clinical performance of the only FDA-approved local therapy for GB [carmustine (BCNU)-loaded polyanhydride wafers], however, has been disappointing. There is an unmet medical need in the local treatment of GB for drug delivery vehicles that provide sustained local release of small molecules and combination drugs over several months. Herein, key quantitative lessons from the use of local and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy for GB in the clinic are outlined, and it is discussed how these can inform the development of next-generation therapies. Several recent approaches are highlighted, and it is proposed that long...