An adult norovirus-related encephalitis/encephalopathy with mild clinical manifestation

Kimura, En; Goto, Hidenori; Migita, Akie; Harada, Seiya; Yamashita, Satoshi; Hirano, Teruyuki; Uchino, Makoto

doi:10.1136/bcr.03.2010.2784

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We observed subsequent probable encephalitis in children with convulsions, although encephalitis related to NoV infection was rarely reported before 2010 and was primarily adult NoV-related encephalitis/encephalopathy, while NoV-associated encephalitis in children was 1st reported in 2015. [23,24]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis with seizures in children in Taiwan, 2006–2015

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the characteristics of norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis associated with convulsions in children and its molecular epidemiology. From July 2006 through December 2015, NoV infection was confirmed by the genome detection using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotyping with strain validation was achieved using sequence analyses with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool genome identification. The patients’ clinical features were assessed retrospectively, focusing on convulsive disorders. The diagnosis of encephalitis followed the International Encephalitis Consortium. Seizures occurred in 52 (20.9%) of 249 NoV infections. GII.4 Den_Haag_2006b (n = 22, 42.3%) and GII.4 Sydney 2012 (n = 10, 19.2%) were major variants correlated with convulsions. Patient with convulsions tend to have GII.4 genotype infection (P < .001), short vomiting (≤2 days) (P < .001), and no fever (P = .002). Compared to GII.4 Den_Haag_2006b, the GII.4 Sydney 2012-associated convulsions had similar manifestations except without significant winter preponderance (P = .049). The NoV infection with convulsions had less febrile course, specific genotype (GII.4) infections, and with shorter symptom of vomiting. Continuous surveillance is important for uncommon disease associated with emerging NoV strain infections. The prevention of NoV diseases requires the development of vaccines targeting highly virulent variants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis with seizures in children in Taiwan, 2006–2015

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Encephalopathy has occurred in children and adults (78)(79)(80). While the outcome is generally benign, including in one case in which the virus was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and permanent neurological sequelae occurred in a patient in whom the virus was detected in plasma but not cerebrospinal fluid (80).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Norovirus, an RNA virus of the family Caliciviridae , is a human enteric pathogen that causes substantial morbidity across both health care and community settings. Several factors enhance the transmissibility of norovirus, including the small inoculum required to produce infection (<100 viral particles), prolonged viral shedding, and its ability to survive in the environment. In this review, we describe the basic virology and immunology of noroviruses, the clinical disease resulting from infection and its diagnosis and management, as well as host and pathogen factors that complicate vaccine development. Additionally, we discuss overall epidemiology, infection control strategies, and global reporting efforts aimed at controlling this worldwide cause of acute gastroenteritis. Prompt implementation of infection control measures remains the mainstay of norovirus outbreak management.

show abstract

“…Although seafood contamination by these viruses is well described [30][31][32][33][34][35], this result was unexpected, since to our knowledge, this is the first report of norovirus genome in the brain of a seabass. There have been a few reports of acute encephalitis/encephalopathy in humans associated with NoV infection [36,37], which could explain the presence of this virus in this tissue. Furthermore, NoV replication has been reported in several animals such as chimpanzees, gnotobiotic pigs, calves [38], and more recently in zebrafish, where NoV GI and GII replication was observed without visible signs of disease [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development of a Tetraplex qPCR for the Molecular Identification and Quantification of Human Enteric Viruses, NoV and HAV, in Fish Samples

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human enteric viruses such as norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are some of the most important causes of foodborne infections worldwide. Usually, infection via fish consumption is not a concern regarding these viruses, since fish are mainly consumed cooked. However, in the last years, raw fish consumption has become increasingly common, especially involving the use of seabass and gilthead seabream in dishes like sushi, sashimi, poke, and carpaccio. Therefore, the risk for viral infection via the consumption of raw fish has also increased. In this study, a virologic screening was performed in 323 fish specimens captured along the Portuguese coast using a tetraplex qPCR optimised for two templates (plasmid and in vitro transcribed RNA) to detect and quantify NoV GI, NoV GII and HAV genomes. A difference of approximately 1-log was found between the use of plasmid or in vitro transcribed RNA for molecular-based quantifications, showing an underestimation of genome copy-number equivalents using plasmid standard-based curves. Additionally, the presence of NoV genomic RNA in a pool of seabass brains was identified, which was shown to cluster with a major group of human norovirus sequences from genogroup I (GI.1) by phylogenetic analysis. None of the analysed fish revealed the presence of NoV GII or HAV. This result corroborates the hypothesis that enteric viruses circulate in seawater or that fish were contaminated during their transportation/handling, representing a potential risk to humans through raw or undercooked fish consumption.

show abstract

An adult norovirus-related encephalitis/encephalopathy with mild clinical manifestation

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis with seizures in children in Taiwan, 2006–2015

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis with seizures in children in Taiwan, 2006–2015

Norovirus

Development of a Tetraplex qPCR for the Molecular Identification and Quantification of Human Enteric Viruses, NoV and HAV, in Fish Samples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About