An advanced signal processing technique for deriving grain size information of bedload transport from impact plate vibration measurements

Barrière, Julien; Krein, Andréas; Oth, Adrien; Schenkluhn, Reimar

doi:10.1002/esp.3693

Cited by 42 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Indeed, seismic data analysis suggests that larger bedload particles excite lower seismic frequencies Barrière et al, 2015b). Similar observations were also inferred from laboratory and natural experiments as well as during debris-flow occurrences (Huang et al, 2004(Huang et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Ambient Monitoringsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes

2016

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Abstract. In seismology, the signal is usually analysed for earthquake data, but earthquakes represent less than 1 % of continuous recording. The remaining data are considered as seismic noise and were for a long time ignored. Over the past decades, the analysis of seismic noise has constantly increased in popularity, and this has led to the development of new approaches and applications in geophysics. The study of continuous seismic records is now open to other disciplines, like geomorphology. The motion of mass at the Earth's surface generates seismic waves that are recorded by nearby seismometers and can be used to monitor mass transfer throughout the landscape. Surface processes vary in nature, mechanism, magnitude, space and time, and this variability can be observed in the seismic signals. This contribution gives an overview of the development and current opportunities for the seismic monitoring of geomorphic processes. We first describe the common principles of seismic signal monitoring and introduce time-frequency analysis for the purpose of identification and differentiation of surface processes. Second, we present techniques to detect, locate and quantify geomorphic events. Third, we review the diverse layout of seismic arrays and highlight their advantages and limitations for specific processes, like slope or channel activity. Finally, we illustrate all these characteristics with the analysis of seismic data acquired in a small debris-flow catchment where geomorphic events show interactions and feedbacks. Further developments must aim to fully understand the richness of the continuous seismic signals, to better quantify the geomorphic activity and to improve the performance of warning systems. Seismic monitoring may ultimately allow the continuous survey of erosion and transfer of sediments in the landscape on the scales of external forcing.

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Section: Ambient Monitoringsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Along the Himalayan Arc, this period shows a drastic increase in water discharge and sediment transport, due to rainfall and melting of Himalayan snow and glaciers (e.g. Barros and Lang, 2003). The relation between highfrequency seismic energy and hydrological parameters (water level and discharge) traces a hysteresis loop ( Fig.…”

Section: Ambient Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes

2016

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“…Other passive instruments consist in directly recording bedload SGN by using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) (Barton, 2006;Bedeus and Ivicsis, 1963;Geay, 2013;Geay et al, 2017a;Thorne, 1986a, b) or seismic monitoring (Gimbert et al, 2014;Roth et al, 2016;Tsai et al, 2012). Measuring bedload GSD with passive methods has been achieved using plates (Barrière et al, 2015;Krein et al, 2014;Rickenmann et al, 2014;Wyss et al, 2016b) or pipes (Dell'Agnese et al, 2014;Mizuyama et al, 2010;Papanicolaou et al, 2009), and SGN (Geay et al, 2017a;Johnson and Muir, 1969;Jonys, 1976;Thorne, 1986a, b), by using experimental laws of calibration. Concerning seismic methods, bedload GSD measurements were not yet proposed as a direct application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coupling geophones with steel plates (Barrière et al, 2015;Wyss et al, 2016a) produced composite power laws by linking both peak amplitude and peak frequency to the grain size. Using the Japanese pipe, Mao et al (2016) proposed an empirical model based on multi-channel recorded amplitude ratios to estimate different percentiles of grain diameters (D 16 , D 50 and D 84 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive acoustic measurement of bedload grain size distribution using self-generated noise

Petrut¹,

Geay²,

Gervaise³

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Monitoring sediment transport processes in rivers is of particular interest to engineers and scientists to assess the stability of rivers and hydraulic structures. Various methods for sediment transport process description were proposed using conventional or surrogate measurement techniques. This paper addresses the topic of the passive acoustic monitoring of bedload transport in rivers and especially the estimation of the bedload grain size distribution from self-generated noise. It discusses the feasibility of linking the acoustic signal spectrum shape to bedload grain sizes involved in elastic impacts with the river bed treated as a massive slab. Bedload grain size distribution is estimated by a regularized algebraic inversion scheme fed with the power spectrum density of river noise estimated from one hydrophone. The inversion methodology relies upon a physical model that predicts the acoustic field generated by the collision between rigid bodies. Here we proposed an analytic model of the acoustic energy spectrum generated by the impacts between a sphere and a slab. The proposed model computes the power spectral density of bedload noise using a linear system of analytic energy spectra weighted by the grain size distribution. The algebraic system of equations is then solved by least square optimization and solution regularization methods. The result of inversion leads directly to the estimation of the bedload grain size distribution. The inversion method was applied to real acoustic data from passive acoustics experiments realized on the Isère River, in France. The inversion of in situ measured spectra reveals good estimations of grain size distribution, fairly close to what was estimated by physical sampling instruments. These results illustrate the potential of the hydrophone technique to be used as a standalone method that could ensure high spatial and temporal resolution measurements for sediment transport in rivers.

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“…In some studies further calibration relations were established to identify particle size, either based on signal amplitude (Mao et al, 2016;Wyss et al, 2016a) and/or on characteristic frequency of that part of the signal which is associated with a single impact of a particle (e.g. for impact plate systems; Wyss et al, 2016b) or by determining a characteristic frequency for an entire grain size mixture (for the hydrophone system; Barrière et al, 2015a). A few of the acoustic measuring techniques were used to determine bedload transport by grain size classes (Mao et al, 2016;Wyss et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up

Rickenmann

Fritschi

2017

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique that has been installed in more than 20 streams, primarily in the European Alps. Here we report about calibration measurements performed in two mountain streams in Austria. The Fischbach and Ruetz gravel-bed streams are characterized by important runoff and bedload transport during the snowmelt season. A total of 31 (Fischbach) and 21 (Ruetz) direct bedload samples were obtained during a 6-year period. Using the number of geophone impulses and total transported bedload mass for each measurement to derive a calibration function results in a strong linear relation for the Fischbach, whereas there is only a poor linear calibration relation for the Ruetz measurements. Instead, using geophone impulse rates and bedload transport rates indicates that two power law relations best represent the Fischbach data, depending on transport intensity; for lower transport intensities, the same power law relation is also in reasonable agreement with the Ruetz data. These results are compared with data and findings from other field sites and flume studies. We further show that the observed coarsening of the grain size distribution with increasing bedload flux can be qualitatively reproduced from the geophone signal, when using the impulse counts along with amplitude information. Finally, we discuss implausible geophone impulse counts that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.

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An advanced signal processing technique for deriving grain size information of bedload transport from impact plate vibration measurements

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes

Seismic monitoring of torrential and fluvial processes

Passive acoustic measurement of bedload grain size distribution using self-generated noise

Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up

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