An aerosol odyssey: Navigating nutrient flux changes to marine ecosystems

Hamilton, Douglas S.; Baker, Alex R.; Iwamoto, Yoko; Gassó, Santiago; Bergas-Masso, Elisa; Deutch, Sarah; Dinasquet, Julie; Kondo, Yoshiko; Llort, Joan; Myriokefalitakis, Stelios; Perron, Morgane M. G.; Wegmann, Alex; Yoon, Joo-Eun

doi:10.1525/elementa.2023.00037

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 210 publications

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“…On the one hand, aerosols emitted by anthropogenic sources are rich in acidic species such as NO x and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), whereas aerosols of dust tend to contain a significant portion of carbonates (Böke et al, 1999), which are much less acidic than anthropogenically sourced aerosols (Ito et al, 2019). For trace metals, acidity affects solubility through insoluble minerals readily dissolving under acidic conditions relevant to atmospheric aerosol (Baker et al, 2021;Hamilton et al, 2023;Li et al, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-155 Preprint. Discussion started: 22 January 2024 c Author(s) 2024.…”

Section: Estimation Of Deposition Flux Of Soluble Metals In Maritime ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source-resolved atmospheric metal emissions, concentrations, and their deposition fluxes into the East Asian Seas

Jiang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is an important source of marine metallic elements, which have a non-negligible impact on marine ecology. Atmospheric trace metals come from different sources, undergo their respective transport processes, and are deposited into seas finally. This study aims to provide gridded data on sea-wide concentrations, deposition fluxes, and soluble deposition fluxes with detailed source categories of metals by the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. A monthly emission inventory of six metals – Fe, Al, V, Ni, Zn, and Cu – from land anthropogenic, ship, and dust sources in East Asia (0–55° N, 85–150° E) in 2017 was developed. Most metals came mainly from land-based sources, contributing over 80 %. The annual marine atmospheric deposition fluxes of Fe, Al, V, Ni, Zn, and Cu were 9614, 15000, 102, 84, 171, 88 μg·m-2, and soluble deposition fluxes were 646.8, 1799.6, 43.3, 36.3, 118.4, 42.9 μg·m-2, respectively. Contributions of each source for trace metals varied in emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and depositions. Dust source, as a main contributor of Fe and Al, accounted for a higher proportion of emissions (~90 %) than marine deposition fluxes (~20 %). However, anthropogenic sources have larger shares of marine deposition flux compared with emissions. The deposition of Zn, Cu, and soluble Fe in East Asian seas was dominated by land anthropogenic sources, while V and Ni were dominated by shipping. The seasonal gridded data and the identification of the dominant source of metal deposition offer a foundation for dynamic assessments of the marine ecological effects of atmospheric trace metals. This study also implies the importance of potential co-synthesis and complementation effects of multiple trace elements deposited into marine ecosystems.

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Section: Estimation Of Deposition Flux Of Soluble Metals In Maritime ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source-resolved atmospheric metal emissions, concentrations, and their deposition fluxes into the East Asian Seas

Jiang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Evaluating the potential of iron-based interventions in methane reduction and climate mitigation

Meidan,

Li,

Cuevas

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Keeping global surface temperatures below international climate targets will require substantial measures to control atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations. Recent studies have focused on interventions to decrease CH4 through enhanced atmospheric oxidation. Here for the first time using a set of models, we evaluate the effect of adding iron aerosols to the atmosphere to enhance molecular chlorine production, and thus enhance the atmospheric oxidation of methane and reduce its concentration. Using different iron emission sensitivity scenarios, we examine the potential role and impact of enhanced iron emissions on direct interactions with solar radiation, and on the chemical and radiative response of methane. Our results show that the impact of iron emissions on CH4 depends sensitively on the location of the iron emissions. In all emission regions there is a threshold in the amount of iron that must be added to remove methane. Below this threshold CH4 increases. Even once that threshold is reached, the iron-aerosol driven chlorine-enhanced impacts on climate are complex. The radiative forcing of both methane and ozone are decreased in the most efficient regions but the direct effect due to the addition of absorbing iron aerosols tends to warm the planet. Adding any anthropogenic aerosol may also cool the planet due to aerosol cloud interactions, although these are very uncertain, and here we focus on the unique properties of adding iron aerosols. If the added emissions have a similar distribution as current shipping emissions, our study shows that the amount of iron aerosols that must be added before methane decreases is 2.5 times the current shipping emissions of iron aerosols, or 6 Tg Fe/yr in the most ideal case examined here. Our study suggests that the photoactive fraction of iron aerosols is a key variable controlling the impact of iron additions and poorly understood. More studies of the sensitivity of when, where and how iron aerosols are added should be conducted. Before seriously considering this method, additional impacts on the atmospheric chemistry, climate, environmental impacts and air pollution should be carefully assessed in future studies since they are likely to be important.

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Contemporary decline in northern Indian Ocean primary production offset by rising atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Malsang,

Resplandy,

Bopp

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Since 1980, atmospheric pollutants in South Asia and India have dramatically increased in response to industrialization and agricultural development, enhancing the atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic nitrogen in the northern Indian Ocean and potentially promoting primary productivity. Concurrently, ocean warming has increased stratification and limited the supply of nutrients supporting primary productivity. Here, we examine the biogeochemical consequences of increasing anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen deposition and contrast them with the counteracting effect of warming, using a regional ocean biogeochemical model of the northern Indian Ocean forced with atmospheric nitrogen deposition derived from an Earth System Model. Our results suggest that the 60% recent increase in anthropogenic nitrogen deposition over the northern Indian Ocean provided external reactive nitrogen that only weakly enhanced primary production (+10 mg C.m–2.d–1.yr–1 in regions of intense deposition) and secondary production (+4 mg C.m–2.d–1.yr–1). However, we find that locally this enhancement can significantly offset the declining trend in primary production over the last four decades in the central Arabian Sea and western Bay of Bengal, whose magnitude are up to -20 and -10 mg C.m–2.d–1.yr–1 respectively.

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An aerosol odyssey: Navigating nutrient flux changes to marine ecosystems

Cited by 4 publications

References 210 publications

Source-resolved atmospheric metal emissions, concentrations, and their deposition fluxes into the East Asian Seas

Source-resolved atmospheric metal emissions, concentrations, and their deposition fluxes into the East Asian Seas

Evaluating the potential of iron-based interventions in methane reduction and climate mitigation

Contemporary decline in northern Indian Ocean primary production offset by rising atmospheric nitrogen deposition

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