Cultivation in the Saline and Arid Regions of the WorldSoil salinity is a key abiotic stressor that negatively impacts plant growth and restricts land use by causing degradation (Gamalero, et al. [1]). Saline and sodic soils are characterized by their high soluble salt content and pH, respectively, which result in imbalances in nutrient cycling and reduced organic content, carbon stocks, and microbial activity in the soil [3]. Globally, approximately 800 million hectares (Mha) of arable land is salt-affected, encompassing 397 Mha of saline soil and 434 Mha of sodic soil et al. [2,5,6]). Soil salinity is prominent in the arid and semiarid regions of the world due to low rainfall that limits the leaching of salt from the root zone, high evapotranspiration, elevated temperature, and groundwater salinity. The salinization of arid areas is further aggravated by poor water and soil management practices (Qadir, et al. [7,8]). The excessive and improper irrigation in agriculture using poor quality water
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